Psych 350 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Important TermsII. Changing by persistenceIII. Modern RacismIV. Ambivalent SexismV. Cause of the ProblemVI. Reducing Prejudice and DiscriminationVII. School InterventionVIII. Re-categorizationIX. AttitudesOutline of Current Lecture I. AttitudesII. Social InfluenceCurrent LectureI. Attitudesa. Cognitive Dissonance Theory- Discomfort that arises from insistency between two or more attitudes,or between attitudes and behavior- We’re motivated to resolve this by changing our attitude or behavior or cognitions- Can lead to irrational and/ or maladaptive behaviorb. Festinger and Carlsmith’s (1959) experiment- Subjects were in a horribly boring experiment- Group A received $20 Group B received $1 to lie another participant that it was enjoyable- Group C received no money, did not have to lieThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Group A: “I hated the experiment, and I said I enjoyed it, but that’s ok because I got a lot of money”- No cognitive dissonance- Therefore, attitude change is not necessary- Group B: did something they hated, lied about enjoying it, with insufficient justification- Cognitive dissonance- Resolved through attitude change (it wasn’t that bad!”)- Contradicted the accepted belied that big rewards produce greater changeII. Social Influencea. Three types of social influence- Conformity: Tendency to change perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are consistent with group norms- Compliance: Changes in behavior based on direct requests from one person to another- Obedience: Changes in behavior based on direct orders from one person to anotherb. Sherif’s Autokinetic Study (1936)- Participants publicly giving answers to a vague task converged on a common answerc. Asch’s study (1951)- Subjects were seated with 5 to 7 confederates- Each person gave answers to a number of line judging tasks- On certain items, the confederates gave incorrect answers- 76% of the subjects agreed with the incorrect answer on at least on trial- Overall, the subjects agreed with these errors 37% of the time- In comparison, subjects working alone made errors only 5% of the
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