Psych 350 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. HealthII. Motor DevelopmentIII. Cognitive DevelopmentOutline of Current Lecture I. PiagetII. Information-Processing TheoriesIII. MemoryIV. VygotskyV. LanguageCurrent LectureI. Culture and Social Loafing a) Research has found social loafing to be less prevalent among women than men, and less prevalent in collectivist cultures II. Group Performance – type of task a) Additive Tasks: Group performance is the sum of individual efforts - EX: pushing a truck - Social loafing will occur, but overall group performance is better than a single individual’s performance b) Conjunctive Tasks: Performance is determined by the poorest performing member of the group - Overall group performance is typically worse than an individual’s performance - EX: people falling during dance routines etc.c) Disjunctive Tasks: Group performance is determined by the skills of the most skilled member of the group - EX: solving a math problem as a group - Overall group performance is typically better than an individual’s performance d) Brainstorming Rules:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- No criticism allowed- Freewheeling suggestions allowed; the wilder, the better - The more ideas, the better - Combinations of ideas and improvements of ideas are sought e) Brainstorming: Does it work? The average number of ideas per individual in a group of 5 is about half the average number of ideas generated by an individual alone “Two heads are better than one” but “two heads together are worse than two heads alone” f) Reasons for the Inefficiency of Brainstorming 1. One person speaks at a time; others rehearse their ideas, wasting time that they could spend thinking of other ideas 2. Hearing everyone else’s ideas can distract you from thinking about your own ideas 3. Evaluation apprehension - Electronic brainstorming reduces these problems III. Group Polarization a) The exaggeration through group discussion of initial tendencies in the thinking of group
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