Module 13 1NAME: _________________________________________________________________ East Carolina University PSYC 3206 -- Developmental Psychology Dr. Eppler & Dr. Ironsmith Study Questions for Chapter 13: Social Cognition and Moral Development Sigelman & Rider (2009). Life-span human development (6th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Copyright 2008 by Marion Eppler and Marsha Ironsmith. All rights reserved. This file was last modified on 11/09/08. THIS MODULE HAS 112 QUESTIONS. Learning Objectives Be able to define and recognize examples of the theory of mind and the false beliefs task and be able to describe the development of theory of mind. For the Psychoanalytic theory of moral development, be able to: 1) name the theorist(s); 2) identify what aspect of morality they stress; 3) explain the process by which they believe moral development occurs; 4) identify whether they believe morality is a state or a trait; 5) what environmental experiences might affect moral development; 6) list criticisms of the theory; 7) describe the research that exists to support or refute the theory. For the Cognitive/Developmental theory of moral development, be able to: 1) name the theorist(s); 2) identify what aspect of morality they stress; 3) explain the process by which they believe moral development occurs; 4) identify whether they believe morality is a state or a trait; 5) what environmental experiences might affect moral development; 6) list criticisms of the theory; 7) describe the research that exists to support or refute the theory. For the Social Learning theory of moral development, be able to: 1) name the theorist(s); 2) identify what aspect of morality they stress; 3) explain the process by which they believe moral development occurs; 4) identify whether they believe morality is a state or a trait; 5) what environmental experiences might affect moral development; 6) list criticisms of the theory; 7) describe the research that exists to support or refute the theory. Be able to compare and contrast the three theories with regard to the 7 items mentioned above. Be able to generate and recognize examples of reasoning at each of Piaget's stages of moral development and be able to state what approximate ages go with each stage. Be able to generate and recognize examples of answers from Kohlberg's six stages of moral development and be able to state approximate age ranges of Kohlberg's stages.Module 13 2Be able to recognize criticisms of Piaget's and Kohlberg's theories of moral development. Be able to describe three forms of discipline and describe the effect each has on a child's moral development. Be able to describe the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior based on Hartshorne and May's and more recent research studies. Social cognition Developing a Theory of Mind 1. The false beliefs task assesses: 2. A theory of mind is defined as: 3. Sally places a marble in a basket and leaves the room. While she's out of the room, Anne moves the marble to a box. Sally returns to look for her marble. Where will she look? 4. A child who states that Sally will look in the basket has a __________________________. 5. A child who does not possess a theory of mind will say that Sally will look where? Why? 6. Baron-Cohen, Leslie and Frith found that most normal children have developed a theory of mind by what age? 7. What other kind of children did Baron-Cohen et al. find also have a theory of mind? 8. What kind of children did not seem to have a theory of mind? 9. How might this finding explain the problems that these kinds of children have maintaining normal social relations? 10. Although children normally do not pass false belief tasks until about age __________, researchers have detected forerunners of a theory of mind in the first year of life. What four abilities are important early signs of a theory of mind? Explain how each one illustrates something about theory of mind.Module 13 3Nature and Nurture 11. Developing a theory of mind requires maturation and normal neurological development. It also involves experience. Give three examples of how experience influences the development of theory of mind? Perspectives on Moral Development 12. Psychologists are interested in three components of Moral Development, including: Moral Affect: Psychoanalytic Theory 13. According to Freud, morality is controlled by the component of the personality known as the __________________. 14. According to Freud, morality develops during the _____________ stage, around the ages of ______________. 15. Explain how Freud believes that morality develops. 16. Freud believes that the child _____________________ the moral beliefs of the same sex parent. This occurs because the child needs to resolve the ______________ (boys) or ______________ (girls) conflict. NOTE: In order to resolve this conflict the child must identify with the same sex parent. Identification implies that the child internalizes the parent's personality and moral values into his or her own ego. For example, a boy wants to become like his father in order to avoid the punishment that he might receive because of his Oedipal feelings for the mother. This punishment could be imagined as castration or as any physical punishment or rejection by the parents. 17. Freud's model does explain how children come to develop an internal conscience that helps them to avoid doing things that are wrong whether or not they might get caught. However, it also implies that children whose parents rely on punishment or threats of loss of love as discipline strategies should have stronger superegos. Is this true?Module 13 4 18. Children develop a stronger superego if they have parents who are: 19. List the other two implications of Freud's Psychoanalytic theory of moral develop that have not been supported by research: Moral Reasoning: Cognitive Developmental Theory 20. Cognitive developmental theorists are interested in the thought process that leads a person to decide whether an action is right or wrong. This is known as ________________________ which involves: 21. Cognitive developmental theorists believe that moral reasoning progresses through a(n) ___________________. Piaget's views 22. Piaget believed that children progress through two stages of moral development. Beginning at age _____, the child is in a stage known as ____________________