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ECU PSYC 3206 - Module 9

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Module 9 1NAME: _________________________________________________________________ East Carolina University PSYC 3206 – Developmental Psychology Dr. Ironsmith & Dr. Eppler Study Questions for Chapter 9: Intelligence Study Questions for Achievement Motivation and Schooling (selected pages from Chapter 10) ASSIGNMENT on Achievement Motivation is posted at the end of this module. This assignment is due on Friday, April 3 by the end of class time (noon). The assignment must be typed and it must be approved by one of your instructors before being accepted. Be sure to turn in a draft early or check with us during times when the lab is not busy. Do a thorough job answering the questions so that you don’t have to revise your assignment. Sigelman & Rider (2009). Life-span human development (6th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Copyright 2008 by Marsha Ironsmith and Marion Eppler. All rights reserved. This file was last modified on 09/01/08. Learning Objectives for Chapter 9 • Be able to state the psychometric definition of intelligence. • Be able to define fluid and crystallized intelligence and recognize examples of each. • Be able to state the original purpose of intelligence tests. • Be familiar with the scales on the Wechsler IQ test and be able to recognize examples of tasks from Wechsler's verbal and performance IQ scales. • Be able to explain the normal distribution of IQ scores. • Be able to define reliability and validity, and be familiar with research findings on the reliability and validity of IQ tests. • Be familiar with what the Bayley Infant Scales measure and how well they do or do not predict IQ in childhood. Also be able to state what infant skills are the best predictors of IQ in childhood. • Be able to state what factors can lead to increases or decreases in children’s IQ scores over time. • Be able to describe the long-term effects of Head Start programs. • Be able to summarize what research with adolescents and adults tells us about the validity of IQ scores. • Be able to state what factors IQ scores predict well and what factors IQ scores do not predict very well. • Describe the role that cohort effects play in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the development of intelligence over the lifespan.Module 9 2• Be familiar with results of Schaie's sequential study. • Be able to recognize tasks that elderly individuals would have more or less trouble with. • Be able to define terminal drop. • Be able to describe factors that are related to intellectual decline in old age. • Be able to discuss plasticity of the nervous system across the lifespan. • Be familiar with the Schaie and Willis training study. What is intelligence? 1. The theory that intelligence is a trait that can be measured is known as the ____________________ approach. 2. Cattell and Horn, more recently, described two types of intelligence. The ability to use your mind actively to solve novel problems is known as ____________________ intelligence. 3. This type of intelligence is measured by tasks such as: 4. Fluid intelligence includes what three skills? NOTE: Fluid intelligence also includes "response fluency" which means being able to make a response very quickly, or generate a number of answers in a short time, e.g., name as many words as you can think of that start with the letter "s" as quickly as you can. Remember the digit span task from last week? That also would illustrate fluid intelligence. The digit span task was a measure of ___________________. 5. The use of knowledge acquired through school and other life experience is referred to as _____________________ intelligence. 6. This type of intelligence is measured by tasks such as: 7. Here are some types of items found on intelligence tests. Categorize each example as measuring crystallized intelligence (CI) or fluid intelligence (FI). _____What is the color of emeralds? _____If one pencil costs 15 cents, how much will 5 pencils cost? _____What comes next in this pattern? o, t, t, f, f, s, s, e? (Answer is "n," as in nine—do you see the pattern?)Module 9 3_____Dog is to wolf as cat is to ____________________. a. bear b. tiger c. kitten d. butterfly _____Name as many synonyms for the word "good" as you can think of in 1 minute. _____Why is it better to pay someone for doing a job after the work is done? 8. ________________________________________ involves using your mind in new and flexible ways and is not influenced by ____________,whereas __________________________ involves using what you have already learned through experience. Explorations: Measuring Intelligence 9. The earliest intelligence test was developed by Binet and Simon. The purpose of this test was to: NOTE: This is probably the most important thing you can learn from this chapter. The original purpose of IQ tests (and the purpose for which they are most often used today) is to assess schoolchildren who are having problems in the classroom. The main purpose of these tests is not to measure intelligence (whatever that is) but rather to identify children who are in need of some type of special educational services. Much of the controversy these tests have created might have been avoided if we'd never called them "intelligence" tests in the first place, but rather "Predictors of School Success Tests" or PSST tests. 10. David Wechsler developed IQ tests for both children and adults. Both scales have two IQ scales, a ____________________ scale and a ____________________ scale. 11. On Wechsler's IQ tests, the verbal scale includes tasks such as: 12. These are most similar to which of Cattell and Horn's types of intelligence? ____________________ 13. Wechsler's performance scale includes items such as: 14. Cattell and Horn would categorize these tasks as ____________________ intelligence. NOTE: The digit span test is on Wechsler's verbal IQ scale but it is a measure of fluid rather than crystallized intelligence. Why do we keep going on and on about digit span??? There must be some reason!! 15. If we graph the IQ scores of many people, the scores form a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve called a ____________________ distribution.Module 9 416. Most people will score at or close to an IQ of 100, which means that they are of ____________________ intelligence. 17. (See the figure in the explorations box.) About 2/3 of


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