`ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture XXIII. Early Christian & Byzantine Art & ArchitectureXXIV. Early Christian & Jewish Art & ArchitectureOutline of Current Lecture XXV. Byzantine Art & ArchitectureXXVI. Early Islamic Art & ArchitectureCurrent LectureXXV. Byzantine Art & Architecture- Byzantine refers to ancient Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul)- Under the ruler Justinian and his wife, Theodora; religion and politics went hand-in-handin terms of art- Caeseropapism: head of the state and church- *Hagia Sophia* c.532-7- Designed and architected by Anthemius and Isidorus  two bright scholars - Built when Justinian was unpopular, was burned down at the first attempt of building it- Means “Church of Holy Wisdom” o Rare example of a church being named after a concept instead of a saint ie “Church of Saint Peter”- Mathematically and visually perfect- Christian Church  Mosque  Museum- Characterized by heavy use of decoration- *Central Dome of Hagia Sophia*- One of the most complex parts of the Hagia Sophia- Dome is supported by pendentives: wedge-shaped supports that create a seamless design making it easier to decorate- 40 windows around the dome creating a heaven-like effectThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Made the dome structurally unsound- *Plan and cutaway elevation of San Vitale*- Octagonal shape - In the middle is the central dome area and around it is the ambulatory: an aisle that surrounds the central dome area- Different structure because most churches had one long aisle; instead of a circular aisle- *Christ Enthroned & Flanked by St. Vitalis & Bishop Ecclesius*, c.526-47. Mosaic- One of the interior mosaics of San Vitale - Shows Christ as the ruler of the Earth as he sits on top of a globe- *Emperor Justinian & His Attendants*, c.447, mosaic- Mosaic from the north wall of the apse in San Vitale- Justinian is shown to be a holy figure due to the halo around his head- Justinian is the only figure portrayed to be recognizable, the other figures are portrayed in a generic way- Iconoclast Controversy c.726-30- Iconoclast: people who destroy icons because they felt that people are worshipping the images rather than what the images represented- Ended the Byzantine Golden Age- Caused future art to become more abstract - *Virgin & Child with Saints & Angels*, 2nd half of the 6th century- Byzantine icons are typically painted on wood- Created by using encaustic technique: mixing paint with wax making a luminous effect - Virgin is portrayed as Theotokos: bearer of God- Virgin Mary and Child are portrayed in a formulaic way, they are portrayed this way in many paintings and images- *Anastasis*, from the Church of the Monastery of Christ, 1310-21- Portrays Christ as a “super hero” due to the madorla: all-body halo- Painting of the Day of JudgmentXXVI. Early Islamic Art & Architecture- Islam: “Submission to God” Muslim: “The person submitting”- Muhammed is the founder of Islam and is never portrayed in any works of art- Ka’ba: the cube; inside resides the gods of pre-Islamic Arabiao Muhammed came in and destroyed all the figures of gods and announced that there is only one true god- Qur’an: the Holy Book for Muslims, the script from this book is used in many forms of art- Islamic art is not representational - Uses a lot of decorative techniques- Islamic art is defined into two periods: early and late- * Dome of the Rock*, Early Period, 691- Octagonal shape, elaborate shrine with a rock in the middle- Believed to be the site where Muhammed spoke to God - First known instance that used script as decoration- Everyone was taught to read so they could study the Qur’an - *Minibar from the Kutubiya Mosque*, c. 1125-1130- A type of seat/podium that an Imam would give a sermon fromo Imam: a person that would lead a prayer - Strapwork: taking thin strips of wood and cutting them into ornate designs and then interweaving them with other thin strips of wood- *The Maqamat of al-Hariri*, 1237, ink on paper - Figure in black: Conman Abu Sayyid- This painting allowed historians gain the knowledge of what type of dress men would wear to