ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture XIX. The Classical Period (cont.)XX. The Hellenistic PeriodXXI. Ancient Etruscan Art & ArchitectureXXII. Ancient Roman Art & ArchitectureOutline of Current Lecture XXIII. Early Christian & Byzantine Art & ArchitectureXXIV. Early Christian & Jewish Art & ArchitectureCurrent LectureXXIII. Early Christian & Byzantine Art & Architecture- Nazareth: The birth place of Jesus Christ- Focus of monotheistic religions- More abstract than Greek & Roman Arto Abstract because of a rejection of pagan religions  pagan religions were always created with naturalism- Rome was moved to Constantinople - Relies on Iconography: writing with symbolism- Christians believe in the Holy Trinity: Father, Son, & Holy Spirit- Jesus Christ’s group of followers: disciples, apostleso Most important apostle: Peter; sent to Rome to spread Jesus’ teachings- Evangelists: group of writers who spread Christianity (Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John), wrote the gospel- Old Testament: written before Christ’s life, Judaism wrote the Old Testament- Many Christians were persecuted because they were seen as heratics- Constantine converts to Christianity and declares the Eidict of Milan: Roman Empire stops the persecution of ChristiansXXIV. Early Christian & Jewish Art & Architecture- Ark of the Covenant: where the 10 Commandments were housedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- *Torah Niche Wall House Painting*, house-synagogue, Dura-Europos, tempera on plaster- Converted into a synagogue  emphasis on studying the Torah- Torah: Old Testament- Entire wall is decorated with fresco paintings illustrating the Torah- *Baptistry of a Christian House-Church*- Very well-preserved; filled houses with rubble so Persians would not be able to enter- *Good Shepherd With Adam & Eve* - Wall painting within the Baptistry of a Christian House-Church- One of the earliest paintings of Christ - Symbolism painting of how Christ is a shepherd who takes care of his people- Syncretism: seeing multiple layers of symbolism at one time to paint a larger picture- Naked figures  Adam & Eve, first man and woman- Wall painting is called a lunette: half-moon shaped painting- *Good Shepherd*, marble - Small sculptures due to “thou shall not worship false idols”o Must worship in secret or face persecution of the Roman Empire- Clothing is worn by Christ to separate him from Roman gods- Celebrating the beauty of the divine instead of the human body- *Reconstruction of Old St. Peter’s Basilica*- Built to honor St. Peter; built on top of his grave site- Tombs are buried underneath the floor- Transcept: provided more space, visually transformed the building into the shape of the crosso Became the way that Early Christian Churches were built- *Oratory of Galla Placidia* - Was thought to be Galla Palcidia’s mausoleumo Galla Palcidia: first female Roman empress who took the throne when her son was too young- Mosaics of grape vines: symbolizes wine which is a reference to the Eucharist- Pendentives: wedge-shaped supports; allowed a smoother transition for decorating- *The Good Shepherd*- Mosaic in the lunette over the entrance of Galla Placidia- Less humble image of Christ  halo around head to show divinity- Wearing gold and deep purple  colors that were exclusively used for