ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture XXV. Byzantine Art & ArchitectureXXVI. Early Islamic Art & ArchitectureOutline of Current Lecture XXVII. Hiberno-Saxon & Viking EmpiresXXVIII. The Carolingian EmpiresXXIX. Mozarabic & Ottonian EmpiresCurrent LectureXXVII. Hiberno-Saxon & Viking Empires Includes the British Isles, Ireland, and south of Norway Influenced by Viking Art- *Cloak Clasp* Worn on the shoulder Made by using gold and precious stones Millefiore: means "a thousand flowers" in Italian; very intricate designs  Golden bands are actually dragons which were cut away --> openwork Boars on the clasp are a symbol of strength  Board are made by using cloissone: meaning "to partition" in French; creating little compartments out of gold and filling it- *Chi Rho Iota Page*, from The Book of Kells Initial Page: first 3 letters of "Christ" or "Kristos" in Greek Densely covered with decorations  Uses a lot of hidden symbolism that relates to Christianity ie: Cat & Mouse: Mouse gets into the Eucharist bread and the cat chases it down; cat= good mouse= evilThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- *Borgund Stave Church* One of the few examples of Viking churches because churches were made with perishable itemssuch as wood Stave: huge pieces of timber used as supports in the ceiling Wattle-and-daub: creating a small network of twigs (wattle) and covered with mud (daub) Thatching: how the roof was created; creating a network of sticks and twigs and pressing moss into it Dragons protruding from roof are metaphorically protecting the churchXXVIII. The Carolingian Empire Monks and nuns are the most highly educated people during this time  Monasteries are the centers of knowledge and learning- *Palace of Charlemagne* Heavily decorated palace reflecting Byzantine work; wanted to recall the greatness of the Byzantine Empire- Books and Scrolls all books at this time were handwritten by monks and nuns Scriptorium: place where books were written Illumination: foils, gold, and silver pressed into pages to create glowing illustrations Early Christian and Jewish texts were written on scrolls  Vellum: animal skins that were used to write on- *Page with Matthew the Evangelist* from The Ebbo Gospels --> all four Gospels in one book, each gospel is separated by a full portrait of the Evangelist Not perfectly naturalistic; still some abstract qualities  Top right of page= angel; St. Matthew was illiterate so an angel assisted him in writing the gospel- *Crucifixion with Angels & Mourning Figures* Meant to create a sense of awe with materials used  Christ is not shown to be in pain --> metaphor of how the church is triumphantXXIX. Mozarabic & Ottonian Empires Heavily influenced by Islamic Art- *Seven-Headed Dragon & Woman Clothed with the Sun* Produced by Maius  visionary imagery from the Book of Revelation Woman clothed with the Sun: a protective figure Dragon: manifestation of evilOttoman Empire Encompasses Germany- *Church of Cyriakus* Built out of stone Home of the relics of St. Cyriakus Arcade: row of arches Gallery: elevated space where people can watch Church services Elerestory: row of arched windows  All these are different heights of elevation which will later be the formula of Ottonian Churches- *Doors of Bishop Bernward* Cast bronze doors; 16ft tall Highly narrative --> starts with the book of Genesis and ends with stories of the life of Jesus Christ- *Presentation Page with Abbess Hitda & St. Walpanga* Taking vows A very successful convent --> had enough money to fund her own gospel book  Most powerful women (nuns) in Medieval society due to their