ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture XVI Geometric Period c 900 700 BCE Orientalizing Period c 700 600 BCE XVII Archaic Period c 600 480 BCE XVIII The Classical Period Early High Late c 490 323 BCE Outline of Current Lecture XIX The Classical Period cont XX The Hellenistic Period XXI Ancient Etruscan Art Architecture XXII Ancient Roman Art Architecture Current Lecture XIX The Classical Period The Late Classical Period Greece was invaded by Macedonia Slowly let go of classical standards Ephebe young male gods young male minor gods that would sometimes be a male lover to a god Aphrodite of Knodos marble First time females have nude statues Sculpted by Praxiteles accredited with bringing females into sculptures Venus Pudica Pose how females are posed in sculpture posed to cover up provocative body parts Alexander the Great Confronts Darius III at the Battle of Issos These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Alexander conquered the Persian Empire therefore known as the great An intelligent military and political leader Originally painted by Philoxenos of Eretria Dies in battle Painting portrays a winning victory XX The Hellenistic Period Heladic or Hellas term Greeks used to refer to themselves Greek influence spread to far places Altar from Pergamon Reconstruction modern day Turkey marble Uses ionic columns but missing ionic elements No frieze at the ceiling but rather at the base Frieze subject battle of gods o Compared to Greek art figures are very exaggerated Realism is being used not everything is perfect Nike Victory of Samothrace marble Stirs drama due to attention to detail Sat on too of a cliff that overlooked a harbor XXI Ancient Etruscan Art and Architecture Present day Tuscany Greek influences because Etruria bordered Greece Had contact with the Ancient Near East because they were great sea farers She Wolf bronze Etruscan people believed that their lineage started with the god twins Romulus Remus o Twins are from mortal woman and the god Mars o Mortal woman s brother gets jealous so he steals the twins and leaves them in a forest to die o A wolf rescues the twins o Twins grow up and return to the town to govern it History of the sculpture is sketchy speculation with the sculpture if it was really made in the timeframe Apollo from Veii painted terra cotta Acroterion sculptures along temple rooftops Working with clay on this scale is difficult due to the life size quality of it Figure is hollow on the inside Clothed instead of nude Burial Chamber Tomb of the Reliefs living rock stucco Stucco plaster used to decorate a surface Stucco was used to create everyday objects the dead would need Couple on a Sarcophagus from Cereveteri terra cotta Originally the figures would be holding a glass of wine Did not fear the afterlife XXII Ancient Roman Art Architecture ca 1st century BCE 4th century BE Founding myth of Rome o Anchises sails to Troy around the time of the Trojan War o Anchises and Venus have a child named Aeneas o Aeneas comes back to Italy to create and establish Rome o He finds Rome by finding the site of 30 pigs Romans believed they were descendants of the gods The Republican Period c 509 27 BCE Ancient Rome had a Senate that usually contained patricians wealthy elite citizens Plebians common men Naturalism is used in sculptures of elected representatives Romans invented concrete cheap portable and lightweight o Most Roman buildings were made with concrete on the inside Concrete walls were covered with veneer due to the porosity of it Opus Reticulatum network consisted of diamond shaped bricks Temple of Portunis Portunis was a minor god god of ports Ionic columns were used but the temple is not open on all sides Engaged columns columns half stuck into the wall No decoration on the outside typical of Roman architecture The Early Imperial Period ca 27BCE 96 CE Julius Caesar tries to make himself an emperor later assassinated Augustus Caesar Octavian Julius nephew takes over the senate Augustus of Primaporta Augustus became the focus of art Most famous sculpture of Augustus Romans embraced individuality when it came to sculptures Baby below Augustus is Cupid Cupid is riding the back of a dolphin which represents Venus The higher beings in the sculpture was meant to symbolize that Romans came from the gods Sculpture was painted Ara Pacts Augustae Altar of Augustan Peace Built to honor Augustus peaceful reign Pax Romana Roman Peace Conquered Gaul modern day France and Hispania modern day Spain Altar is surrounded by precincts walls that surround the altar The Unswept Floor Heraklitos Litter of a high society Roman feast Trompel oeil fool the eye created a 3 D effect Colosseum Flavian amphitheater Also known as the Flavian amphitheater largest amphitheater in the world Elliptical shaped and was located in the center of Rome Made out of stone and concrete Could hold between 50 000 and 80 000 people Used for gladiator contests executions etc mostly used for entertainment The High Imperial Period ca 96 180 CE Marcus Aurelius bronze originally gilded Equestrian Statue horse riding sculpture o Expensive to produce usually portraits of military commanders or rulers Displays power and grandeur holding hand out like Augustus sculptures Rare for Equestrian statues to survive because they were often melted down to reuse Not melted down because it was incorrectly thought to be the first Christian Emperor Patina a thin layer of chemical compounds that protect the surface from harsh exposure The Pantheon Built with Corinthian columns Built with unreinforced concrete Rotunda circular plan covered by a dome Currently being used as a Roman Catholic Church Late Imperial Period ca 200 400 CE The Tetrarchs from Constantinople Sculpture made out of porphyry rock that contains large crystals porphyry means purple in Greek and it was the color of royalty Tetrarchy is a group of 4 rulers instituted by Diocletian current Roman Emperor at the time founder of the tetrarchy Arch of Constantine Rome c 312 15 CE Triumphal arch Put in place by the Roman Senate to honor Constantine s victory at the Battle of Milvian Bridge