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VCU ARTH 103 - Art and Architecture of Ancient Greece

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ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture XIII. The Cycladic IslandsXIV. Minoans on CreteXV. Citadel on MycenaeOutline of Current Lecture XVI. Geometric Period c. 900-700 BCE & Orientalizing Period c.700- 600 BCEXVII. Archaic Period c. 600- 480 BCEXVIII. The Classical Period (Early, High, & Late) c. 490- 323 BCECurrent LectureXVI. Geometric Period c.900- 700 BCE- Gets its name from the geometric shapes painted on ceramic sculptures- The most abstract out of all the time periods- *Man & Centaur*- Centaur = symbol of man’s desire; dual nature of human beings- Piece symbolizes battle against oneself- *Funerary Vase* (Krator), from the Dipylon Cemetary- Thought to be used as grave markers or used in burial rituals- Contains paintings of funerary rituals- Black areas are painted with slip: watered down clay and when fired it turns black- 1st register: mourning ritual 2nd register: funerary procession - for the elite classmen XVII. Archaic Period c. 600- 480 BCEThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Archaic meaning “old-fashioned”- Tried to create “orders”  balanced, harmonious o Doric = oldest example of Greek architecture, simplesto Ionico Corinthian = newest, more intricate and delicate- Every detail has its own place- Buildings are designed after human bodies  everything is balanced - *Temple of Hera I*- Goddess of Art, Zeus’ wife- Doric structure- 4 x 9  felt that it was a perfect geometric shape- Peristyle: no exterior walls, typical of Greek temples- Inner chamber is called cella or naos; contains an alter and a sculpture of the god/goddess- No roof today because most roofs in ancient times were made out of perishable items such as wood- Temples were very decorated- *Dying Warrior*, from the East Pediment of the Temple of Aphaia- Carved in a naturalistic style - Fits better within the corners of the pediment- Sculptures were adorned with metal or wood- Reconstruction of the Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi- Constructed with the Doric order  this order is associated with strength and power- Delphi  next to Mt. Konosus; ancient Greeks believed Apollo would manifest in the mountains - The columns resembled female bodies: caryatidso If there are only 2 carytids it is known as in antis-*Anavysos Kouros*, marble c.530 BCE- Kouros means “young man”- “attendant figures”; used as an attendant to the dead- Male figures are always nude, standing, athletic build- Compared to Egyptian art- *Peplos Kore*, marble c.530 BCE- Kore means “young woman”- Youthful, always clothed  the beauty of men is more valued- Attendants to gods and goddesses- Painted using a technique called encaustic: mixing paint with melted wax making the paint more durable- Archaic figures have a slight smile- Greek Vases- Parts of vases are named after human body parts- Stages of decorating Red and Black figureso “fixing” or drawing on figureso Reduction of oxygeno Reduction of temperature- *Achilles & Ajax Playing a Game* c.540 BCE- Created by Exekias  famous artist for being able to tell complicated and complex stories with minimal drawings- Vases were usually worked on by multiple artists so Exekias could have only drawn on the figures- The vase foreshadows the loss of Achilles’ lifeXVIII. The Classical Period (Early, High, & Late) c. 490-323 BCE-The Early Classical “Severe Style”- *The Kritian Boy*- Sculptures start to display more naturalism- More life-like due to posture  relaxed pose known as contrapposto- Study of human anatomy is more evident- *Warrior A*, bronze- Not that many bronze sculptures exists because bronze was a precious metal- Bronze sculptures were frequently melted down to create weaponry- Was supposed to be a part of a monument in celebration of defeating Persia- Attention to detail is evident- The High Classical Period c. 450-400 BCE- *The Parthenon*- Dedicated to the goddess Athena- The whole entire building was made out of Marble which was uncommon- Designed by Kalikrates and Iktinos- The design included curvature into the construction to counteract the optical illusion of sagging from afar- Doric order on the outside ionic order on the inside- Panathenea: parade that celebrated Athena-*Nike (victory) Adjusting her Sandal*- Ionic order will always have a band of frieze below the roof- A more revealing sculpture of female body- *Doryphoros*, marble, contraposto - Created by Polykleitos- Canon of Proportion  used to create a mathematically perfect


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