ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture II. Sumer to Persia ca. 3,500- 300 BCEIII. Ancient Sumer c. 3,500- 2,100 BCEIV. Akkad c. 2,340- 2,180 BCEV. Babylon c. 1,792- 1,530 BCEVI. Assyria c. 1,000- 612 BCEVII. Neo- Babylonia c. 612- 539 BCEOutline of Current Lecture II. Art and Architecture of Ancient EgyptIII. Early Dynastic Period IV. Old KingdomV. Middle KingdomVI. New KingdomCurrent LectureVIII. Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt- Egyptian identity revolved around the Nile- Egpyt is a Greek word; Kemet  what Egyptians called themselves; means black sand due to the silt from the Nile- Used Hieroglyphics  difficult to decipher due to the picture-like letters- Rosetta Stone: discovered by Napoleon in 1799; made translating hieroglyphics possible- Religion played a huge role IX. Early Dynastic Period c. 2950- 2575 BC- *The Palette of Narmer*, papyrus & kohl- Relief carving- Found in the Temple of Horus- Dedicated to Narmer for successfully uniting upper and lower Egypt- Iconography on carving: Falcon  Horus, god of protection Human head  kingdom of lower Egypt Papyrus flowers  symbol of lower EgyptThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Ka: Egyptian word for soul- Mastaba: early Egyptian tombs; contains a chapel; Arabic word for bench  referencing to the flat structure- Serdab: wall that separates the chapel from the Ka statue  stand in statue whenbody disintegrates- Sarcophagus: layered coffin in which a preserved body is placed- Tombs are placed on the West bank of the Nile  land of the dead: Necropolis- East side of the bank is for the living- *Stepped Pyramid & Funerary Complex of Djoser*, Saqqara c.2630- 2575 BCE- Solid structure, built with stone  associated with eternity - Whole thing surrounded by a stone wall- Walls and tombs were paintedX. Old Kingdom c. 2575- 2150 BCE- Mantheo’s List: list of all the royal families with dates- *Great Pyramids of Giza*, veneer, ashlar masonry- Built for Khufu (grandfather), Khafa (father), and Menkaure (son)- Pyramids were built while the kings were still alive- Smaller pyramids were for the queens- Ashlar masonry: sanded down stone to precise blocks- Covered in a thin polished limestone: limestone veneer- Middle pyramid is accompanied by a sphinx  a lion’s body with Khafa’s head- *Menkaura and a Queen*, graywaeke c. 2490- 2472 BCE- Ka statue; most ka statues tend to look the same- Stone was very hard and rare to symbolize the king’s importance- People of greater importance are portrayed in a formulaic way (athletic, young)- *Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt*, painted limestone, relief genre scene- Hippopotamus were seen as a nuisance; often a reference to the god of chaos, Seth- Represented the government’s ability to control chaos- Canon of Proportion: based on a grid; Egyptian artists used this to make important figures abstract and all the sameXI. Middle Kingdom c. 1975- 1640 BCE- *Head of Senusret III*- Different from other art due to not a generalized figure- Still being shown in the traditional way  cobra headXII. New Kingdom c. 1539- 1075 BCE- Egyptian kings started to refer to themselves as pharaohs: meaning great house- Change in religion  priests become politically powerful- Amun  new god, merges with the god, Ra- Temple architecture dedicated to Amun; different because before architecture was dedicated to tombs - *Temple of Hatshepsut*- Hatshepsut is the only female pharaoh, stole the thrown from her nephew at a young age- Rock carving; temple carved into the rocks; living rock- Very rare to find statues of Hatshepsut due to the marring of her many statues - *Akkenaten & his family*, painted limestone- Joined a religious cult that worshipped the god, Aten- Outside of Egyptian religion  forces population to praise Aten- Ma’at: divine truth- Casual, tenderness to piece, no canon of proportion is used- *Nefertiti*, painted limestone- Possible statue to be a stand-in during meetings- Painted for heightened beauty- *Mask of Tutankhamn*, gold inlaid with glass and precious stones- Only Egyptian tomb that hasn’t been