ARTH 103 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture II Sumer to Persia ca 3 500 300 BCE III Ancient Sumer c 3 500 2 100 BCE IV Akkad c 2 340 2 180 BCE V Babylon c 1 792 1 530 BCE VI Assyria c 1 000 612 BCE VII Neo Babylonia c 612 539 BCE Outline of Current Lecture II Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt III Early Dynastic Period IV Old Kingdom V Middle Kingdom VI New Kingdom Current Lecture VIII Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt Egyptian identity revolved around the Nile Egpyt is a Greek word Kemet what Egyptians called themselves means black sand due to the silt from the Nile Used Hieroglyphics difficult to decipher due to the picture like letters Rosetta Stone discovered by Napoleon in 1799 made translating hieroglyphics possible Religion played a huge role IX Early Dynastic Period c 2950 2575 BC The Palette of Narmer papyrus kohl Relief carving Found in the Temple of Horus Dedicated to Narmer for successfully uniting upper and lower Egypt Iconography on carving Falcon Horus god of protection Human head kingdom of lower Egypt Papyrus flowers symbol of lower Egypt These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Ka Egyptian word for soul Mastaba early Egyptian tombs contains a chapel Arabic word for bench referencing to the flat structure Serdab wall that separates the chapel from the Ka statue stand in statue when body disintegrates Sarcophagus layered coffin in which a preserved body is placed Tombs are placed on the West bank of the Nile land of the dead Necropolis East side of the bank is for the living Stepped Pyramid Funerary Complex of Djoser Saqqara c 2630 2575 BCE Solid structure built with stone associated with eternity Whole thing surrounded by a stone wall Walls and tombs were painted X Old Kingdom c 2575 2150 BCE Mantheo s List list of all the royal families with dates Great Pyramids of Giza veneer ashlar masonry Built for Khufu grandfather Khafa father and Menkaure son Pyramids were built while the kings were still alive Smaller pyramids were for the queens Ashlar masonry sanded down stone to precise blocks Covered in a thin polished limestone limestone veneer Middle pyramid is accompanied by a sphinx a lion s body with Khafa s head Menkaura and a Queen graywaeke c 2490 2472 BCE Ka statue most ka statues tend to look the same Stone was very hard and rare to symbolize the king s importance People of greater importance are portrayed in a formulaic way athletic young Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt painted limestone relief genre scene Hippopotamus were seen as a nuisance often a reference to the god of chaos Seth Represented the government s ability to control chaos Canon of Proportion based on a grid Egyptian artists used this to make important figures abstract and all the same XI Middle Kingdom c 1975 1640 BCE Head of Senusret III Different from other art due to not a generalized figure Still being shown in the traditional way cobra head XII New Kingdom c 1539 1075 BCE Egyptian kings started to refer to themselves as pharaohs meaning great house Change in religion priests become politically powerful Amun new god merges with the god Ra Temple architecture dedicated to Amun different because before architecture was dedicated to tombs Temple of Hatshepsut Hatshepsut is the only female pharaoh stole the thrown from her nephew at a young age Rock carving temple carved into the rocks living rock Very rare to find statues of Hatshepsut due to the marring of her many statues Akkenaten his family painted limestone Joined a religious cult that worshipped the god Aten Outside of Egyptian religion forces population to praise Aten Ma at divine truth Casual tenderness to piece no canon of proportion is used Nefertiti painted limestone Possible statue to be a stand in during meetings Painted for heightened beauty Mask of Tutankhamn gold inlaid with glass and precious stones Only Egyptian tomb that hasn t been looted