ISS 210 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 15 18 Lecture 15 Apollonian Pueblo Indians Marked distrust of individualism and high levels of self control Dionysian Plains Indians Self related emotionally expressive and individualist High Plains Culture Formal grow and Cheyenne Informal Comanche In group hostility repressed within tribe murder punished Cheyenne In group hostility expressed within tribe murder led to revenge Comanche Cultural Interference Habits and behaviors that are in grained and performed without thinking Ethnocentrism is a high valuation placed on ones own culture and disparagement of other peoples culture Language interference habits of our first language Integration a custom or process is firmly embedded in a cultural matrix that it cannot be removed without adversely affecting other institutions Kanji Cultural loss since young people could not read the old script Aesthetics poetry verse calligraphy intimately bound Belief Ritual and Conformity People may adhere to social customs and not having thought about them offer secondary rationalizations when asked why do you do this Men s shirt buttons and women s People may express themselves symbolically without being aware of the meaning of the symbols The meaning of actions and things exist socially and like words in language mean what the audience not the speaker intends Symbols are ambiguous they can mean different things to different people A symbol is something whose meaning is bestowed it upon it by those who use it A sign is a representation of a tangible object Symbols are bipolar one end grounded in the physical the other in the realm of idea We physically encounter symbols ritually and through them experience the idea or belief behind them Lecture 16 Zande understand that termites weakened granary causing it to collapse to seek shelter from the sun under the granary everyone does China has been an argrarian society for millennia land is life and is held collectively by families Ones rights to land and social identity derives from the family and ones place in the family derives from ones relationship to the ancestors Chinese funeral customs provide ritual release even without conscious understanding of the meaning of the symbols Xi Bo silver or yellow paper squares folded in boat like shape to represent ancient money Body conformity or lack of is an indication of social commitment The harnessed body tight dress and rigid body control short hair and uniforms symbolize discipline and conformity Unkempt and bizarre dress for non conformists religious prophets or social rebels Emic an actor based perspective Etic an observer based perspective Non problematic drinking The association of drinking with any kind of specifically associated problems physical economic psychological social relational or other is rare among cultures throughout both history and the contemporary world Most problems linked with drinking crime violence disorder accidents spousal abuse disease etc are associated with excessive abnormal drinking Temperance dry Nordic or ambivalent drinking cultures in UK US Scandinavian and Australia associated with violent and anti social behavior Non temperance wet or integrated drinking cultures in Mediterranean and South American culture largely peaceful and harmonious behavior In all cultures drinking is Universal associated with celebration and an essential element of festivity and a rule governed activity with self imposed norms on who may drink how much of what when how in what contexts and to what effect Drinking is imbedded in culture and most aspects of culture are imbedded in the act of drinking including perceptions of masculine and feminine Distinction between masculine and feminine beverages Lecture 17 In societies with an ambivalent morally charged relationship with alcohol US UK where alcohol marks the transition from work to play UK US Bolivian Camba drink excessively yet anti social or violent behavior are completely unknown Alcoholism a physiological or psychological dependency on ethanol which may or may not be socially disruptive an individual affliction Drunkenness a temporary loss of control over ones reaction and behavior while drinking alcohol Alcohol Abuse socially disruptive behaviors associated with the consumption of beverage alcohol a society affliction Carnival traditions involve role reversals men dress in women s clothes and prance about in an exaggerated caricature of famine behavior Ethanol Equivalents Proof is the twice the percentage of alcohol in a beverage alcohol is absorbed via the stomach and small intestine continue to absorb alcohol 60 to 90 minutes after your last drink the faster alcohol is ingested the higher the peak concentration Blood Alcohol Level BAL Stages of intoxication determined my volume of alcohol to body muscle mass and liver function Calculating BAC The 0 008law in MI a person has an alcohol content of 0 08 per 100 milliliters of blood per 210 liters of breath or per 67 milliliters of urine Environment negatively determines choices allowing a range of responses but maladaptive traits either disappear or negatively affect the viability of the population The concept of integration Once a set of sociocultural relationships become integrated into a structure it is difficult to modify elements without effecting parts of the whole Elements borrowed from other cultures are recast and reinterpreted according to the culture of the borrowing society Elements in a cultural system tend to become mutually consistent and reinforcing Cultures must be explained in terms of cultures Lecture 18 People develop as participants in cultural communities their development can only be understood in the cultural practices and circumstances of their communities Caring for other children 10 or older in the idle class US 5 7 in other societies Social Context Autonomy handling knives and fire For 8 10 month old infants US middle class 5 or older Specialized institutions to deliver human services education and medical care led to age segregation Age grading segregated children from full range of community activities Understanding ones own cultural heritage requires taking the perspective of people form other cultural backgrounds Cultural communities change as do individual social and physical environments change including new ways of making a living Variation exists within communities because peoples connection with communities differ The experience of others absence from