I. The Impact of Nonverbal CommunicationA. One Code, Countless InterpretationsB. Verbal and Nonverbal ComparisonsII. Forms of Nonverbal CommunicationA. Physical AppearanceB. ParalanguageC. GesturesD. HapticsIII. Boundary Regulations: Four Broad CategoriesA. Regulating Interpersonal BoundariesB. Environmental BoundariesC. Psychological BoundariesD. Regulating TimeIV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesV. Human Perception Tendencies: Some General PrinciplesA. Human PerceptionB. Three Step Process1. Selective Attention2. Selective Organization/Labeling3. Selective InterpretationVI. Biased Intergroup Filters: Ethnocentrism and StereotypesA. Ethnocentrism and Communication1. Degrees of Ethnocentrisma) Distance of Disparagementb) Distance of Avoidancec) Distance of IndifferenceB. Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS)1. Three States of Ethnocentrism2. Three States of EthnorelativismC. Stereotype Context Model (SCM)1. Perception of Warmth Dimension2. Perception of Competence DimensionD. Flexible and Inflexible StereotypingCOMM 316 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. The Impact of Nonverbal Communication A. One Code, Countless InterpretationsB. Verbal and Nonverbal ComparisonsII. Forms of Nonverbal CommunicationA. Physical AppearanceB. ParalanguageC. GesturesD. HapticsIII. Boundary Regulations: Four Broad CategoriesA. Regulating Interpersonal BoundariesB. Environmental BoundariesC. Psychological BoundariesD. Regulating Time IV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesOutline of Current Lecture V. Human Perception Tendencies: Some General PrinciplesA. Human PerceptionB. Three Step Process1. Selective Attention2. Selective Organization/Labeling3. Selective InterpretationVI. Biased Intergroup Filters: Ethnocentrism and StereotypesA. Ethnocentrism and Communication1. Degrees of Ethnocentrisma) Distance of Disparagementb) Distance of Avoidancec) Distance of IndifferenceB. Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS)1. Three States of Ethnocentrism2. Three States of EthnorelativismC. Stereotype Context Model (SCM)1. Perception of Warmth Dimension2. Perception of Competence DimensionD. Flexible and Inflexible StereotypingCurrent Lecture-Human Perception Tendencies: Some General PrinciplesoHuman perception:-Process of selecting cues quickly from the environment, organizing them into a coherent pattern and labeling that pattern, and interpreting that pattern in accordance with our expectation-Quick three-step processSelective Attention-Pick out cues quickly from our cultural landscape-In an unfamiliar environment, we pay attention to cues that…-Match our salient identities (similar to us)-Are distinct from the group -Serve our interaction expectations/goals Selective organization and labeling-Organizing objects, people, or things into the "other" category with a label-How you choose to organize your perception and "name" your perception -Depends on your norms and cultural valuesSelective Interpretation -We attach meaning to the data we receive and this includes our expectation -When a person violates our expectation, we become surprised and emotionally arousedThe three perceptual filters act as major barriers to effective intercultural communication -Biased Intergroup Filters: Ethnocentrism and StereotypesoEthnocentrism and Communication-Ethnocentrism: derived from two Greek words:Ethno: "one's own ethnic or cultural group"Centrism: "one's own group should be looked upon asthe center of the world"Degrees of Ethnocentrism-Distance of disparagement (high ethnocentrism)-Use of racist jokes/hate speech to downgrade outgroup members-Distance of avoidance (moderate ethnocentrism)-Reflects-Attempted linguistic or dialect switching in the presence of outgroup members-Displayed nonverbal inattention to accentuate ingroup connection and avoidanceof outgroup members-Distance of indifference (low ethnocentrism)-Reflects lack of sensitivity in our verbal and nonverbal interactions in dealing with dissimilar othersoDevelopmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS)- 6 point continuum (centrism-relativism)-Developed by Janet Bennett & Milton Bennett-To counteract rigid ethnocentric attitudes- -A Popular Intercultural Training Model:Three states of ethnocentrism-Denial of cultural difference-One's own cultural difference is the only real one-Other cultures are avoided = psychological/physical isolation-Defense of cultural difference-One's own culture is the only good one-Reverse defense = adopted culture is viewed as superior to homeland culture-Think of co-culture but picking second culture-Minimization of cultural difference-Elements of one's culture are viewed as universals-We are all the same at the coreThree states in development of ethnorelativism -Acceptance of cultural difference-One's own culture = one of many possible diverse and complex cultural experiences-Individuals and curious and respectful of cultural differences on the cognitive level-Adaptation of cultural difference-Experience of another culture yields perceptual shifting and behavioral adaptation oIntegration of cultural difference-An individual intentionally incorporates diverse cultural worldviews into one's identity and is able to transform polarizedvalue sets into complementary value sets-There is the ability to communicate fluidly as a cultural bridge personoStereotype = exaggerated pictures we create about a group of people on the basis of our inflexible beliefs & expectations about the characteristic/behaviors of agroup-Stereotype Context Model (SCM):Formed along two dimensions:-Perception of warmth dimension-Perception of competence dimension-Stereotyping is inevitable; key is to distinguish between inflexible and flexible stereotypingInflexible stereotyping: holds onto negative stereotypes by operating on auto-pilotFlexible stereotyping: "mindfully minding our mind"Inflexible Stereotyping Flexible StereotypingAuto pilot reaction Mindful of categorizationRigid categories Open-ended categoriesPremature closure First best-guessesInformation distortion Information opennessUnwilling to change categoriesWillingness to change