I. Human Language: Distinctive Features and Rule PatternsA. LanguageB. Distinctive Language Features1. Arbitrariness2. Abstractness3. Meaning-Centeredness4. CreativityC. Multiple Rules Patterns1. Phonological Rules2. Morphological Rules3. Syntactic Rules4. Semantic Rules5. Pragmatic RulesII. Appreciating Diverse Language FunctionsA. Cultural Worldview FunctionB. Everyday Social Reality FunctionC. Cognitive Shaping FunctionD. Group Membership FunctionE. Social Change FunctionIII. Verbal Communication StylesA. Hall1. Low Context Communication2. High Context CommunicationIV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesCOMM 316 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Human Language: Distinctive Features and Rule PatternsA. LanguageB. Distinctive Language Features1. Arbitrariness2. Abstractness3. Meaning-Centeredness4. CreativityC. Multiple Rules Patterns1. Phonological Rules 2. Morphological Rules3. Syntactic Rules4. Semantic Rules5. Pragmatic RulesOutline of Current LectureII. Appreciating Diverse Language FunctionsA. Cultural Worldview Function B. Everyday Social Reality FunctionC. Cognitive Shaping FunctionD. Group Membership FunctionE. Social Change FunctionIII. Verbal Communication StylesA. Hall1. Low Context Communication2. High Context CommunicationIV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesCurrent Lecture-Appreciating Diverse Language FunctionsoCultural Worldview Function-Linear worldviewEmphasizes rational thinking based on objective realityRelies on facts and evidence (ex, figures, models, theories)Polarized thinking (binary thinking)Uses 2 reasoning patterns-Deductive reasoning - use conceptual models to form analysis and make inferences and factual conclusions-Inductive reasoning - use facts and evidence to make a claim-Relational worldviewEmphasizes holistic/connected thinking based on a contextual realityThere are concerns for relational loyalty and trust, & Ingroup-membership dignity : context and relationshipContinuum interpretation (Ex. "not too bad")Spiral reasoning patterns-Dramatic spiral meaning = demonstrative speeches to dramatize the emotional impact of their message-Understated spiral reasoning = subtle messages oEveryday Social Reality Function-Everyday language = mirror for emphasizing important and unimportant events/value propertiesEx) what explicit language do English speakers use to express individualistic value motif?-I for individual; we for collectivisticoCognitive Shaping Function -Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: "the shaper of ideas"Linguistic relativity hypothesisGrammatical structure - shapes/forms our thought process Language + thinking + culture = mindset system -Strong Form vs Weak FormComplete change vs slight influence on thinkingoGroup Membership Function -LanguageEvoke group sentiment and shared identity Emblem of group solidarityCode switching = switching to another language or dialect to increase or decrease intergroup distance oSocial Change Function -Male generic languageElevate men's experience as more valid (Ex. Policeman opposed toPolice Officer) -Verbal Communication StylesoHall (1976) - 2 comm. Systems of human interaction-Low context communication (asking instructor politely to end class)How meaning is expressed through verbal messages-High context communication (shuffling books, backpack, standing up to entice end of class)How meaning is expressed through embedded contexts & nonverbal channels -LCC Patterns HCC PatternsIndividualistic values Collectivistic valuesLinear logic Spiral logicDirect verbal style Indirect verbal styleMatter of fact tone Understated or animated toneInformal verbal style Formal verbal styleVerbal assertiveness or talkativenessVerbal reticence or silenceVerbal self-enhancement style Self-humbling style oBeliefs Expressed in Talk and Silence-Silence is interpreted and evaluated differently across cultures and between persons-Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesoWhen using your native language with a nonnative speaker, to be flexible verbal communicators, try to practice the following guidelines-Practice intercultural empathy-Learn to paraphrase and check you perception-Use multiple modes of presentation-Practice language variation usage-Pay attention to nonverbal tone of voice -Understand basic differences of LCC and HCC Patterns-Master the language pragmatic rule