COMM 316 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (August 21)What are persuasive reasons to study Intercultural Communication?oAdjust to Global Workplace HeterogeneityoAdapt to Domestic Workforce DiversityoEngage in Creative Multicultural Problem SolvingoComprehend the Role of Technology in Global CommoFacilitate Better Multicultural Health Care CommoEnhance Intercultural Relationship SatisfactionoFoster Global & Intrapersonal PeaceoDeepen Cultural Self-Awareness and Other-AwarenessWhat is the Definition of Culture?-A learned meaning system that consists of traditions, beliefs, norms, symbolic meanings and values that are passed on through generations are shared in varying degrees by interacting members of a community Know the 3 Levels of the Iceberg Culture Metaphor-Surface-level culture: Popular CulturePopular culture-Cultural artifacts/systems with mass appeal & infiltrate ourdaily life-Intermediate-level culture: Cultural Norms-Deep-level culture: TraditionsLecture 2 (August 26)What is Intercultural Communication? Explain its partso ICC- symbolic exchange process whereby individuals from two+ different cultural communities attempt to negotiate shared meanings in an interactive situation within an embedded societal system-Symbolic exchange (digital, analogic)Digital-Verbal symbols: content info-Relationship between digital cue and its meaning is arbitrary (letter/words merely symbols)-Discrete Analogue-Nonverbal comm-Convey affective meanings-Resemblance relationship between the non-verbal cue andits meaning-Continuous -Process (transactional, irreversible)Independent nature of ICC- not always common ground between communicatorsTransactional-Simultaneous encoding and decoding-Shared meaning accomplished when receiver understands meaningIrreversible-Decoder may form different impressions despite repeated message-Word once uttered remains-Cultural CommunityGroup of people with shared understandingGroup of interacting individuals within a bounded unit who uphold a set of shared traditions and way of life (group-level concept)-Negotiate shared meaningsEvery message (verbal/nonverbal) has 3 levels of meaning-Content meaning-Factual info; what is being said? What is appropriate?-Relational meaning-Info concerning the relationship between the communicators-Conveys power distance-Identity meaning-Who am I and who are you in this interaction?-How do I define you in this interaction?-Guide your display of respect or disrespect & approval or disapproval -Interactive situationRelational context-Intercultural acquaintance relationships, friendships, dating, etcPsychological context-Psychological moods (ex, feeling anxious, or secure); formal or informal settingPhysical context-Immediate physical features, layouts surrounding face-to-face or mediated interaction-Embedded societal systemMultilayered contexts-History-Social class-PoliciesLecture 3 (August 28)What are the 3 Components of Flexible Intercultural Communication?-Knowledge- systematic conscious learning of concepts in ICC flexibilityFormal studying (COMM 316)Informal learning-Attitude- an open mindset and attentive heartCognitive layerAffective layer-Skills - operational abilities to integrate knowledge and a responsive attitude with adaptive intercultural practiceDefine/Compare Ethnocentric and Ethnorelative Mindsets-Ethnorelative- understanding behavior from the other person's cultural frame of reference-Ethnocentric- viewing your own cultural way of living as the norm/naturaland others as abnormal/unnaturalWhat are the 3 Criteria for Flexible Intercultural Communication?-Appropriateness- the degree to which exchanged behaviors are deemed proper and correspond with cultural expectations-Effectiveness- degree to which communicators attain mutually share meaning and integrative goal-related outcomes-Communication adaptability- ability to change our interaction behaviors and goals to meet the specific needs of the situation Understand the Four Stages of the Staircase Model-Unconscious incompetenceBlissfully ignorant-Conscious incompetenceSemi-awareness but still unable to change-Conscious competenceFull mindfulness- know what's acceptable and able to adapt-Unconscious competenceMindlessly mindful- adapt without thinking about itUnderstand and Be Able to Apply the Principles of ICC-Mismatched expectations stem from group differences-Involves degrees of biased intergroup perceptions, overgeneralizations, stereotypes-Simultaneous decoding and encoding of verbal/nonverbal messages-Multiple goal transactions: content, relational, identity-Calls for understanding of diverse comm approaches and styles-Often involves well-meaning culture bumps or clashes-Always takes place in a context and in embedded systemsLecture 4 (September 2)Define the Five Value FunctionsoIdentity Meaning Function-Who are You?Describe yourself using your cultural value that is important to you-Our identity is constructed and sustained through our everyday comm processoExplanatory Function-Within our cultureAcceptance or approvalNo explanations for actions or valuesWe mentally fill in the blanks-With people of dissimilar groupsMay need to explain/defend our cultural behaviorsWe need mental energy to figure out thingsoMotivational Function-Violating cultural norms = punishments-Upholding cultural values = rewardsoIngroup-Outgroup Evaluative Function-Comforting buffer zone forIngroup inclusion - we share things in commonOutgroup differences- we "stand out"-Boundary arrangements = shape our attitudes-Attitude = predisposed and learned tendency that influences our thinking pattern-Perceived polarized thinkingLecture 5 (September 4)Understand Hofstede’s Four Value DimensionsIndividualistic Culture Collectivist cultures"I" Identity "We" IdentityNuclear family Extended familyPrivacy regulation Relational harmonyIndividual competition Teamwork Personal competence Ingroup emphasisDirect comm. Patterns Indirect comm. PatternsIndependent self Interdependent selfWeak Uncertainty Avoidance Strong Uncertainty AvoidanceUncertainty is valued Uncertainty is a threatFamily is dynamic and changing Reinforce family rulesHigh mobility in relationships Low mobility in relationshipsChallenges are welcome Routines are welcome Encourage risk-taking