I. Flexible Intercultural Conflict SkillsA. Facework ManagementII. Mindful ListeningA. Mindless vs Mindful ListeningB. Cultural EmpathyC. Mindful ReframingD. Adaptive Code-SwitchingIII. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesIV. Developing Intercultural Intimate Relationships: Invisible ChallengesA. Cultural-Ethnic Membership ValuesV. Intercultural Intimate Relationship Attraction: Facilitating FactorsA. Perceived Physical AttractivenessB. Perceived SimilarityC. Cross-Cultural Self-Disclosure Comparisons1. Johari Window2. Online Disclosure of Affection3. Third-Party Matchmakers: Online and Mobile Dating4. Intercultural/Interracial Romantic Relationship Development5. ResearchVI. Intercultural Intimate Conflict: Obstacles and Stumbling BlocksA. The Encounter: Prejudice and RacismB. Countering Prejudice and Racism: Coping StrategiesC. Relational Transgressions and TerminationsVII. Raising Bicultural ChildrenA. Bicultural Identity StrugglesB. Cultivating a Secure Multifaceted IdentityVIII. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesCOMM 316 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture Cross-Cultural Conflict StylesI. Flexible Intercultural Conflict SkillsA. Facework ManagementII. Mindful ListeningA. Mindless vs Mindful Listening B. Cultural Empathy C. Mindful ReframingD. Adaptive Code-SwitchingIII. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesOutline of Current LectureIV. Developing Intercultural Intimate Relationships: Invisible Challenges A. Cultural-Ethnic Membership ValuesV. Intercultural Intimate Relationship Attraction: Facilitating FactorsA. Perceived Physical AttractivenessB. Perceived SimilarityC. Cross-Cultural Self-Disclosure Comparisons1. Johari Window2. Online Disclosure of Affection3. Third-Party Matchmakers: Online and Mobile Dating4. Intercultural/Interracial Romantic Relationship Development5. ResearchVI. Intercultural Intimate Conflict: Obstacles and Stumbling BlocksA. The Encounter: Prejudice and RacismB. Countering Prejudice and Racism: Coping StrategiesC. Relational Transgressions and TerminationsVII. Raising Bicultural Children A. Bicultural Identity StrugglesB. Cultivating a Secure Multifaceted IdentityVIII. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesCurrent Lecture-Developing Intercultural-Intimate Relationships: Invisible ChallengesoCultural- Ethnic Membership Values-Individualistic Orientation Collectivistic OrientationI-identity relationship expectationsWe-identity, ingroup relationship pressuresCouple's privacy, autonomy In-group's (we) connection, concernsVoluntary, personal commitmentStructural commitment, family and social reactionsLow-context emotional expressionsHigh-context emotional expressions"Fall in love" .-Intercultural-Intimate Relationship Attraction: Facilitating FactorsoPerceived Physical Attractiveness-Physical attractiveness critical to initial attraction; cultural differences regarding what is attractiveFor example, US individuals attracted to: high energy, enthusiasm: Korean individuals attracted to: high integrity, concern for othersoPerceived Similarity-Similarity-attraction hypothesis: cognitive consistency (like who are similar to us)-Intergroup-interpersonal attraction: attitudinal issues (ingroup-outgroup) oCross-Cultural Self-Disclosure Comparisons -Self-disclosure: intentional process of revealing exclusive information about ourselves to others that other individuals do not know-Social penetration theory: interpersonal information progresses from superficial nonintimate to more deep-layered intimate self-disclosure-Johari WindowoOnline Disclosure of AffectionoThird-Party Matchmakers: Online and Mobile Dating-Five Phases of online dating:AttentionRecognitionInteractionFace-to-face meetingResolution oIntercultural/Interracial Romantic Relationship Development-Interracial couples' four stages of "racial" awareness and awakening:Racial awarenessCoping Identity EmergenceRelationship Maintenance -Intercultural Couples report rewards despite pressure pointsPersonal enrichment, clarification of beliefs, values & prejudicesDeveloping multiple cultural frames of referencesLifestyle with greater diversity and emotional vitalityRaising open-minded, resourceful children oResearch-Generation is predictor of interethnic relationships-Individuals with assimilated, bicultural, or marginal identities have greater tendency to date outgroup members-The "Romeo and Juliet" Effect: the more the families are against the relationship, the more the couple wants to rebel, finding each other more attractive -Intercultural-Intimate Conflict: Obstacles and Stumbling BlocksoThe Encounter: Prejudice and Racism-Intercultural-intimate conflict: antagonistic friction or disagreement between two romantic partners caused, in part, by cultural or ethnic group membership differencesoCountering Racism and Prejudice: Coping Strategies-Ignoring or dismissing -Normalizing -Withdrawing (avoidance)-Educating -Confrontation-Prayer -Humor oRelational Transgression and terminations-Self-construalsHigh independents prefer exit and anger voiceHigh interdependents prefer exit anger voice & third-party help-seeking Biconstruals have most diverse conflict repertoires -Interracial couples - higher divorce rate than same-race couples -Raising Secure Bicultural ChildrenoBicultural Identity Struggles-Four Identity Forms of Bicultural children: Majority-group identifiers (identifies with majority race parent)Minority-group identifiers (opposite of above)Synthesizers (mixing of parents)Disaffiliates (disavow both cultures of parents)oCultivating a Secure Multifaceted Identity-To help bicultural individuals:Know values and beliefs of each groupPositive attitude toward both groups Confidence that one can live effectively within both groups without compromising one's individual identityBe grounded -Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesoIn managing diverse intimate relationship issues,-Pay attention to culture-based challenges-Be mindful that individualists and collectivists may hold different expectations-Be sensitive to your partner's family reaction issues-Be flexible in learning your partner's communication