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7United Nations Convention on the Law of the SeaCONTENTSPagePREAMBLE .................................................... 21PART I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 22Article 1. Use of terms and scope ...................... 22PART II. TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE ........ 23SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................ 23Article 2. Legal status of the territorialsea, of the air space over theterritorial sea and of its bedand subsoil................................ 23SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA.................. 23Article 3. Breadth of the territorial sea .................. 23Article 4. Outer limit of the territorial sea ................ 23Article 5. Normal baseline ............................ 23Article 6. Reefs .................................... 23Article 7. Straight baselines ........................... 24Article 8. Internal waters ............................. 24Article 9. Mouths of rivers............................ 24Article 10. Bays ........ 24Article 11. Ports..................................... 25Article 12. Roadsteads................................ 25Article 13. Low-tide elevations ......................... 25Article 14. Combination of methods fordetermining baselines ....................... 26Article 15. Delimitation of theterritorial sea betweenStates with opposite oradjacent coasts ............................. 26Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates ...... 26SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA ..... 26SUBSECTION A. RULES APPLICABLE TO ALL SHIPS ......... 26Article 17. Right of innocent passage .................... 26Article 18. Meaning of passage ......................... 26Article 19. Meaning of innocent passage.................. 27Article 20. Submarines and other underwater vehicles ....... 27Article 21. Laws and regulations of thecoastal State relating toinnocent passage ........................... 27Article 22. Sea lanes and trafficseparation schemes in theterritorial sea .............................. 28Article 23. Foreign nuclear-poweredships and ships carryingnuclear or other inherently8dangerous or noxioussubstances ................................ 29Article 24. Duties of the coastal State .................... 29Article 25. Rights of protection of the coastal State ......... 29Article 26. Charges which may be levied upon foreign ships . . 29SUBSECTION B. RULES APPLICABLE TOMERCHANT SHIPS ANDGOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FORCOMMERCIAL PURPOSES ................. 30Article 27. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship ..... 30Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships ...... 30SUBSECTION C. RULES APPLICABLE TOWARSHIPS AND OTHERGOVERNMENT SHIPSOPERATED FORNON-COMMERCIALPURPOSES ............................... 31Article 29. Definition of warships ....................... 31Article 30. Non-compliance by warships with the laws andregulations of the coastal State ................ 31Article 31. Responsibility of the flagState for damage caused bya warship or othergovernment ship operatedfor non-commercialpurposes.................................. 31Article 32. Immunities of warships andother government shipsoperated fornon-commercial purposes .................... 31SECTION 4. CONTIGUOUS ZONE ............................... 31Article 33. Contiguous zone ........................... 31PART III. STRAITS USED FOR INTERNATIONALNAVIGATION ......................................... 32SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................ 32Article 34. Legal status of watersforming straits used forinternational navigation ...................... 32Article 35. Scope of this Part........................... 32Article 36. High seas routes or routesthrough exclusive economiczones through straits usedfor international navigation ................... 32SECTION 2. TRANSIT PASSAGE................................ 33Article 37. Scope of this section ........................ 33Article 38. Right of transit passage ...................... 33Article 39. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage . . 33Article 40. Research and survey activities ................. 34Article 41. Sea lanes and trafficseparation schemes in straits9used for internationalnavigation ................................ 34Article 42. Laws and regulations ofStates bordering straitsrelating to transit passage..................... 35Article 43. Navigational and safety aidsand other improvements andthe prevention, reductionand control of pollution ...................... 35Article 44. Duties of States bordering straits ............... 35SECTION 3. INNOCENT PASSAGE .............................. 36Article 45. Innocent passage ........................... 36PART IV. ARCHIPELAGIC STATES ........................... 36Article 46. Use of terms............................... 36Article 47. Archipelagic baselines ....................... 36Article 48. Measurement of the breadthof the territorial sea, thecontiguous zone, theexclusive economic zoneand the continental shelf ..................... 37Article 49. Legal status of archipelagicwaters, of the air space overarchipelagic waters and oftheir bed and subsoil ........................ 37Article 50. Delimitation of internal waters ................ 37Article 51. Existing agreements,traditional fishing rights andexisting submarine cables .................... 38Article 52. Right of innocent passage .................... 38Article 53. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage .......... 38Article 54. Duties of ships and aircraftduring their passage,research and surveyactivities, duties of thearchipelagic State and lawsand regulations of thearchipelagic State relatingto archipelagic sea lanespassage................................... 39PART V. EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE ..................... 40Article 55. Specific legal regime of theexclusive economic zone ..................... 40Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction andduties of the coastal State inthe exclusive economiczone ..................................... 40Article 57. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone ......... 4010Article 58. Rights and duties of otherStates in the exclusiveeconomic zone ............................. 40Article 59. Basis for the resolution ofconflicts regarding theattribution of rights andjurisdiction in the exclusiveeconomic zone ............................. 41Article 60. Artificial islands,installations and structuresin the exclusive economiczone ..................................... 41Article
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