RELI 160D2 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. The Sha’ahA. Mohammad AlmahdiII. The SunnisA. The HajjB. Ka’baOutline of Current Lecture I. JihadII. KurdsA. Saddam HusseinIII. BaghdadIV. Nation of IslamA. Wallace D. Ford MuhammadCurrent LectureSalmon Rushdie• Wrote The Satanic Verses in 1988• Almost got him killedJihad• The greater Jihad is within yourself• Fighting off temptations given by Satan• Three conditions of the Jihad◦ Violence must be proportional to the attack◦ Innocent civilians should not be targeted◦ Jihad must be declared by the ruler of the state• Studied show that very few Muslims support all the killingKurds• They’re not Arab, they’re Indo-European. They’re Muslim.• Kurdistan◦ Includes Northern Iraq, Western Iran, Eastern Turkey (lots of Kurds), Northeastern Syria• Been fighting for independence since the end of WWI, with very little success• Population is 13 million• 20% of the population in Iraq is Kurd• Population of Iraq is 26 million• Population of Iran is 68 million◦ 89% of them are Sha’ah◦ 10% Sunni• Saddam Hussein killed 100 thousand Kurds in 1988◦ Took mustard gas and killed villagersRosary99 beads representing the 99 names of GodSeems clear that catholic church picked up on thatBaghdad• Founded in 762 A.D. on a very major trade route• Cultural & political center of Islam in the East. So was Cordova, Spain in the West.• Destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1258 A.d.◦ Rebuilt in 1340 and sacked by Tunisia in 1393.• Ottoman Turks took over the city in 1638 and from that time on it has great importanceKerbalaIn 680 A.D., Husayn, whose parents were Ali and Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, was martyred here.Moors• In Latin, means “Dark complexioned”Wahhabis• Come out of Saudi Arabia, and they’re super powerful• It’s a conservative movement• The founder is Muhammad Ibn Al Wahhab◦ Married daughter of Muhammad Ibn Sa’ud.• Wahhabism has not spread throughout the Muslim world• Rejects the idea of saintsNation of Islam• Started in Michigan• Wallace D. Fard Muhammad = the Great Mahdi◦ Rejected christianity, and said Islam is the route everyone should take◦ Blacks should withdraw from white society◦ Called the whites Blue Eyed Devils. Morally inferior. • Replaced by Elijah Muhammad◦ Stressed black pride, self-sufficiency, strong family values◦ Forbid gambling, alcohol, drugs and eating pork◦ Thought Wallace D. Fard was God. God was a black man.◦ Did not observe five pillars of IslamMalcolm X - the X is for being an