RELI 160D2 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Moses II. Appointed seasonsa. Sabbath, Passover, Yom Kippur, etcIII. Religious observancesa. Tallis, Yarmulkah, etcIV. Dietary and Kosher rulesV. CeremoniesVI. Templea. History and meaning, and vocabularyVII.SynagogueVIII. TalmudIX. Palestineb. First century conditions and slaveryCurrent LectureImportant Ceremonies• Bris: 8 days after birth, circumcision • Mohel: cuts the foreskin• Bar-Mitzva: 13 years old, sabbath closest to the 13th birthday, takes on adult responsibilities.• Bas/Bat Mitzvah: daughter of the commandment• Marriage: bride and groom drink from same cup of wine, which symbolizes that they’ll share everything throughout their marriage. Step on glass and break it, which symbolizes the destruction of the temple. Psalm 137 verse 6 says do not forget jerusalem even among everything, don’t forget who you are. Divorce is acceptable. ◦ Chuppa: canopy that bride and groom stand under, represents the home they’re about to establish.◦ Bill of Get: Formal divorce..?• Death: Many believe in afterlife, but many do not. ◦ Gehenna (Canaan people, their god being Moloch): Symbol of hell, would never kill their first born.◦ Paradise: Born from Persians. Represents heaven.Temple - Place of Sacrifice in Jerusalem on Mt Moriah• 1st Temple (Solomon): Finished in 10th century B.C.. Destroyed in 586 BC by the Babylonians.• 2nd Temple: Came back from Babylon captivity, built this in same place, Mt Moriah in 515 BCE. Til 70 AD. Priests were in charge, which is an inherited position. Had to be a member of the tribe of Levi. And had to be in the family of Aaron. Man in charge is called the High Priest. There are four men in charge of those Four Chief Priests.• Levites: From tribe of Levi, but not related to Aaron, so weren’t priests. Take care of everything. Janitors, Musicians, Guards.• Scribes: Jewish lawyers. Served as judges.Synagogue (Beth Knesset: Place of assembly)• Place of prayer & study (Yeshiva: the part of it that was a school): History begins in Babylonian period, when they’re taken out of their country intro Babylon, wanted a place to worship. For a long time it was somebody’s home because they didn’t have a building. Men and women sat separately during worship. Shema - how worship opens up, with the oneness of God. Followed by reading of the torah, followed by an explanation (sermon). • Origin◦ Babylonian Captivity: When synagogues formed, wanted to worship while captive.• Rabbi: In charge of synagogue. The teacher.• Diaspora: Talmud (Study): written in Hebrew and AramaicBabylonian Talmud has 35 volumes: interpretation and scripture, customs, mode of dress, the way festivals were observed. It’s the second most important book in Judaism, behind the Bible. Divided into two parts, the first is the Mishna(review), which reviews all teachings of rabbis over the years. The Tanna’im were the teachers, or rabbis. Rabbi Judah the Prince decided it was too much to memorize, so he wrote it down, which became the ...Mishna?The Gemara (completion) was finished around 500. There’s the Amora’im for the Gemara. Rav Ashi & Rabina wrote down this one. It’s in dialogue form so it’s hard to read. The talmud was never completed, but between 500 and 700 CE, additions were made in the margins by rabbis that became part of it. The rabbis were called the Savorain, they gave the Talmud its final shape.Social and economic conditions in the first century of Palestine• Farming was super important, and many were fishermen, and the rest were craftsmen. At least 90% didn’t have anything, no middle class.• 200k people came for festivals.• 3 areas in Palestine: North is Galilee, center is Simaria, South is Judea.• Say you have no skills, these people are called a HirelingSlavery still existed in the first