Comparative ReligionRELI 160D2Professor Robert A. BurnsExam 3 Study Guide: IslamIslam VocabularyHafiz: Someone who memorizes the entire QuaranKa’ba: Cube in center of MeccaKiswah: garment that goes over Ka’baHalal: permitted or allowedA Wali: A Sufi who has reached the highest possible spiritual levelHanif: pre Islamic Arab monotheist prophetsKalam: A word for theology in Muslim thoughtEid al fitr: The great feast at the end of RamadanUmmah: word that refers to the entire Muslim communityUlaman: ScholarHijra: Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to MeddenaImam: A Muslim prayer leaderIman: faithTaqlid: Legal terminology for following one of the four teachings of the Islamic schoolIsnad: chain of authorities transmitting hadithJima: four roots of Islamic law, and the thirds root of Islamic law it means consensusMulla: A Muslim who are educated in Islamic theology Millet: Non Muslim minority, able to practice own beliefsWohabi movement: Orthodox or ultra conservative part of the Suni movementFun Facts that are important:- Muhammad was illiterate- Men can marry women of any religion but women can only marry Muslim men- Men can have up to four wives as long as he treats them equally- There are 114 Surrahs in the Karan- The Shiet Muslims believe that Alli was the first successor of Muhammad- Sunni’s believe that Abu Bakr should take over after Muhammad died- Shiites believe that someone related to Muhammad should take over after Muhammad died- Sunni’s are considered traditionalistPeople You Should Know:Abu Bakr: Muhammad’s successorKhadija: Muhammad’s first wifeElijia Muhammad: the father of MuslimWallace Fard Muhammad: father of MuslimIslam’s beliefs about Jesus:- He is not divine- He is the Masia- Marry was his motherThe Qur’an:The qur’an is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be revelations from God.- It was revealed to the prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel- The Qur’an is believed to be the literal word of god- Since the quran is the literal word of god no one is allowed to alter it- The Qur’an was organized by prophet muhammed- There is 114 chapters called Surahs- Each Surah is made up of many verses varying in length called ayahs- The Qur’an has been translated into many languages but only the Arabic version is considered authentic- Prophet Muhammad would recite his revelations after he had them and a scribe would write them all downThe Four Roots of Islamic Law:Root 1Qur’anRoot 2Sunnah- customesRoot 3Ijma-consensus of the communityRoot 4Oiyas- analogical thinkingFive Pillars of Islam:The First Pillar- Shanadan: Witnessing, There is no god but the one god and Muhammad is hisprophet.- Accepted Qu’ranThe Second Pillar- Salat: prayer five times facing Mecca, Friday at noon is community prayer - Facing Mecca is called QiblahThe Third Pillar- Zakat- Almsgiving, 2.4% of income to the widows and orphans- Start of Ramadan- Purified from greed from doing it- Obligatory- Don’t expect anything in returnThe Fourth Pillar- Sawn- Fasting- During Ramadan- 30 days from dawn till sunset- no sex, eating, drinkingThe Fifth Pillar- Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca- Required to do once in your life- Circulate the Ka’ba 7 times- Throw stones at the devil- White robes- non stitched clothing- Ihram- pure states- Touch the black