RELI 160D2 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. CeremoniesII. Templea. History and meaning, and vocabularyIII. SynagogueIV. TalmudV. Palestinea. First century conditions and slaveryOutline of Current Lecture II. Pharisees, Sadducees, EssenesIII. SamaritansA. Mt. GerizimIV. Galilee, Zealots, SanhedrinV. Womena. Social position/roleb. Betrothalc. DowryVI. Christian Anti-SemitismCurrent LecturePharisees - strict observers of the law. Separated from anything not Jewish. Believe in resurrection, personal immortality, angels and devils. Warned Jesus that his life was in danger.Sadducees - wealthy jews. Merchants, etc. They cooperate with the Romans, it’s just business, but to the rest of the jews it looks tratorish. They accepted only the first 5 books of the bible. They reject resurrection, personal immortality and angels & devils. Essenes - started around 165 BCE. A “Monastic”(?) group. They feel that they’re the only true jews. They’re a separatist group. Sociologically they would be called a withdrawal group. Believethe end of the world is near. Took turns killing themselves. Eventually there were 13 caves that contained a library of the Essenes. The bible is almost exactly accurate, it validates the jewish scriptures.Samaritans - located in central Israel/Palestine. In 722 BC, were conquered by the Assyrians. The samaritans intermarried with Assyrian soldiers, more than any other group did. They shareda lot of the same beliefs. In 5th century, built their own rival temple called Mt. Gerizim. They were looked upon by the jews as unclean. It was destroyed by the Jews after they won theirfreedom in 165 BCE. Galilee - North. Group of/after the gentiles. People coming from Syria to Egypt, it was a trade route, a stopping point. They were orthodox Jews, and very faithful. As far as belief, no known difference between the south, but different dialect. Most were farmers.Zealots - emerged in 6 AD. Judas the Galilean was the founder of this zealot movement. Sicarii are dagger barriers, they’re hardcore zealots. Very sick of the Romans. In 66 AD, they were leading the revolt against the Romans. Guerilla war. Sanhedrin - ruling body of the Jews that are in charge of religious and criminal law. It’s like the Supreme Court for the government. The orthodox jews are pretty much direct descendents of the pharisees. The Social Position of Women - Hated women. Literally thought women were useless lives, nothing but machines for making babies. First century, when a woman left her home, face hidden by two veils, hair covered, covered from neck to top of feet. - because a woman is property of her father, until after marriage, which then makes her property of her husband. For inheritance rights, they were always behind men/sons. Education was limited...so women did domestic duties. Until she was 12 and a half, must marry whoever her father choosesBetrothal - Marriage starts with this contract. Included the dowry, what her father gave her (2 or 3 cloths or something). If divorce takes place, what will she receive? You’re considered married for at least a year before they come together as husband and wife. During that year, she is taught the duties of a wife by her mother. Divorce permitted, but uncommon because it was expensive, and the man would look like a failure. Had a public stigma. Absence of children is misfortune/punishment. Women didn’t have to attend temple. But today, women can be rabbis, and can sit together in temple. Christian Anti-Semitism• Rosemary Ruether• “Let his blood be upon us, and upon our children” in Gospel of Matthew. - during crusifiction• No problems in relationships, but was curved big time by St. Augustine. Important Christian theologian. Jews, both wife and property should be protected. Because eventually they’ll all convert to christianity (their thought process). • Pope Gregory The Great - He was pope of church, but western empire as well. What he says becomes law of the land. ◦ All changes radically because of the first crusade. Demands to try to recapture Jerusalem! Even though the muslims would let them come in and worship. They conquer the city in 1095, but it was a bloodbath, didn’t even know who they were