SOCI 205 Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Theories of Deviance: Conflict a. The conflict perspectiveII. Theories of Deviance: Symbolic interactionsa. Labeling theory: deviance refers not just something one does, but something onebecomesb. Deviant identity- III. Sutherland Differential Association Theory: 9 propositions- a. 9 propositions: IV. Tested the theory in gender difference in offendingV. Crime and Criminal Justicea. Crime: b. Criminology: VI. How is crime reported?a. The uniform crime reports i. Index crime b. The national Victimization Survey (NCVS)c. Self-report data i. Downfall: usually focuses on minor offenses VII. Crime and Criminal Justicea. Organized crimeb. Corporate crime VIII. Race and CrimeIX. Gender and Crimea. Generally, women commit less crime than menX. Class and crimea. The poor are more likely than others to be arrested for crimesXI. Mass incarcerations XII. Terrorism as international crimea. Terrorism Outline of Current LectureSocial Class and Social StratificationI. Social differentiation II. Social stratification III. Systems of social stratificationa. Stratification systems are usually categorized into 1 of the 3 types:i. Estate ii. Casteiii. ClassIV. What is social class?a. Common subjects, such as clothing and cars become symbols of one’s class.b. Socioeconomic status (SESV. Classa. Upper class--5%b. Upper middle class-- 15%c. Middle class hard to identify d. Lower middle class-- 33%e. Lower class--20%f. Urban underclass: homeless, unemployedVI. You can observe the everyday reality of social class by noting the status that different ordinary objects have within the context of a class system. VII. Analyzing social classa. The 3 significant measures of socioeconomic status i. Incomeii. Occupational prestige iii. Educational attainment VIII. The class structure of the United States: Growing inequalitya. Economic restructuring IX. Analyzing Social Class a. Urban underclass X. Povertya. The poverty line b. Feminization of poverty Current LectureSocial Class and Social Stratification I. Social differentiation is how different statuses develop in any group, organization, or society. a. Ex: NBA team-- you have players, owners, managers, and fans and everyone is part of the NBA organization and make the whole. b. Doesn’t require that the different roles have different levels of importanceII. Social stratification is a system of structured social inequalitya. All societies have a system of social stratification b. Social differentiation sets stage for differentiation c. Says there is an unequal distribution of wealth d. Usually see them in complex societies such as the USi. Usually done through social class which can be influenced by education, income, gender, race, etc. III. Systems of social stratificationa. Stratification systems are usually categorized into 1 of the 3 types:i. Estate:1. A small elite group have total control over resources2. Usually seen in futile societies in which kings reign and hold all thepower and resources 3. Majority of people in these societies are in poverty ii. Caste:1. Status is assigned on an ascribed basis2. No mobility in the class system—social status given is the class placement for live3. In each class there are certain ways to react and interact iii. Class:1. How we classify status in US2. Higher class status can be achieved 3. There are people ranked higher based on economic and achieved statuses. IV. What is social class?a. Common subjects, such as clothing and cars become symbols of one’s class.i. Has a cultural component in that is affects how you dress, speak, and interact with othersii. Even though it is hard to measure it is represented in symbols such as nice things iii. Money can be a measure of class b. Socioeconomic status (SES): social class position as class is primarily measured in economic terms i. Aka the amount of money brought into your home ii. SES based on more than income because if given money from parents for example you can be in a higher class than the income you bring in should reflectV. Classa. Upper class--5%i. Old money wealthb. Upper middle class-- 15%i. Corporate executives, attorneys (6 figure incomes) c. Middle class hard to identify d. Lower middle class-- 33%i. Working class—have community college degrees usually work their way through school e. Lower class--20%i. Basic formal education(high school degree), working poorf. Urban underclass: homeless, unemployedi. Society rejects themVI. You can observe the everyday reality of social class by noting the status that different ordinary objects have within the context of a class system. a. Ex: driving a nice car might lead you to believe they are rich VII. Analyzing social classa. The 3 significant measures of socioeconomic status i. Income: amount of money brought into your home1. Difference between income and wealthii. Occupational prestige: is perceived, subjective ran assigned to an occupation iii. Educational attainment: the total years of formal education VIII. The class structure of the United States: Growing inequalitya. Economic restructuring: decline of manufacturing jobs in the USi. This can lead to an increase in poverty IX. Analyzing Social Class a. Urban underclass: likely to be permanently unemployed and without much economic support—those dependent on public assistance i. 10% of those over 65 years old are poorii. 18% of US children live in poverty iii. Seen an increase in homelessness iv. Could be due to things unseen like economic downturn X. Povertya. Thousands of homeless- 444,000 to 842,000 on any given nightb. Only 17% of the public thinks that children today will be better off than their parentsc. The poverty line has to do with the amount of money needed to support a household—when below this line you are considered part of working poord. Feminization of poverty says that there are starting to be more women in povertybecause they are single mothers or the only ones able to