11TABLE 1A: DNA VIRUSES (Page 1 of 2) HERPES VIRUSES: (Virion structural notes: Enveloped, ds)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEM IOLOGY TREATM ENT PREVENTIONHerpes simplexType IskineyesskinCNSeyesgingivostomatitisherpes labialiseczema herpeticumdendritic keratitisherpes whitlowdisseminated disease of newbornencephalitisdirect contactasymptomaticsheddingacyclovirfancyclovirIUDR,(eye)ARA-A,(CNS)hygieneavoid reactivatorsHerpes simplexType IIgenital tract vulva, penis,perianal,neuronsgenital herpes same as above same as aboveSTD. 20% of USadults have.acyclovirfancyclovirhygieneC-sectionVaricella-ZosterVirus(Human HerpesVirus III, HHV III)resp. tract skinneuronschicken pox (varicella)shingles (zoster)birth defects, pneumonia, Reye'ssyndromepost-herpetic neuralgialate winter; earlyspringyear-roundstress, sun burn,fatiguevidarabine ZIG/VZigAra A forcomplicationsEpstein-BarrVirus(HHV IV)oropharynx B lymphocytes infectiousmononucleosisrareBurkitt's lymphomanasopharyngeal carcinoma(?)virus in saliva;shedding afterrecoveryampligen do not give bloodfor 6 months afterdiseaseCytomegalovirus(HHV V)??transplacental,organtransplantlymphocytes,monocytesinfectiousmon onuc leosiscytomegalic inclusion disease,interstitial pneumonia. Learningdisabilities, deafness of newbornvirus activated 3rdtrimester; mother-milk-infant;renal transplantgancyclovir ?HHV VI T-cells roseolaHHV VII lymphocytic leukemiaHHV VIII Kaposi’s sarcoma2TABLE 1A: DNA VIRUSES (Page 2 of 2) ADENOVIRUSES: (Naked, ds, Some 50 types known)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONType 1,2,5,6 resp. RT pharyngitis pneumonia infants-fecal-oral hygiene3,4,7,14,21 resp. RT acute resp. disease (ARD) pneumonia stress; crowding; military live attenuated(vaccine)3,7 resp. & eye RTeyepharyngo-conjunctivalfever (PCF)crouppneumoniasummer months;swimming pool;conjunctivitiskeep medical staffwith overt diseaseaway from patients8,19 eye eye Epidemic Kerato-conjunctivitis (EKC)blindness shipyard's disease;ophthalmic solutions;ophthalmic instrumentsaseptic conditions PAPILLOMA VIRUSES: (Naked, ds)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTION100 DNA types direct contact skin;mucousmembrane,genitaliaplanter warts, commonwarts, flat warts, condyloma acuminata, (genital warts), laryngealpapillomatosisobstruction,cervical carcinomadirect contactSTDsurgical,freezinghygiene PARVOVIRUS: (Naked, ss)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONB19 URT,transplacentalskin, rapidlydividing bonemarrow cellserythema infectiosum,transient aplastic crisis,chronic BM failure,polyarthralgia, thrombocytopenia, non-immune hydropsfetalisanemiaabortion? transfusions foranemiavaccine trials3TABLE 1B: RNA VIRUSES (Page 1 of 3) PICORNAVIRUSES (Naked, ss)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONPolio virus3 serotypesalimentarycanalCNS poliomyelitis paralysispost-polio syndromecarriersfecal-oralsummer monthsmild exerciseSalk vaccine- killedSabin vaccine- live-attenuatedRhinovirus>140RT RT common cold (coryza) winter months resp. tract BIRR-4 (attach.)AG-7088 (proteaseinhib.)Coxsackie A (23)Coxsackie B (6)Echovirus (31)alimentarycanal & RT""GI, RT,skin, CNS,heartAll: aseptic meningitis, herpangina;myocarditis; pleurodynia; hemolytic uremia;gastroenteritis; hand, foot, and mouth disease;common cold;(Juvenile onsetdiabetes?)fecal-oral;summer months;resp. tract ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES: (Enveloped, ss, (7-) 8 segments)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONInfluenza A “ BRT RT influenza encephalitis; influenzal pneumonia; bacterialpneumonia; Reye's syndrome; Guillain Barréresp. secretions;winter months;epidemic,pandemicamantadine,ribavirin,Relenza,Tamiflukilled vaccine4TABLE 1B: RNA VIRUSES (Page 2 of 3) PARAMYXOVIRUSES: (Enveloped, ss)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONRespiratorySyncytial virus3 serotypesRT RT common coldcroupbronchiolitis pneumonialate fallearly springribavirin live attenuatedvaccine being testedMumps1 serotypeRT parotid glandpancreastestesCNSmumps(orchitis)pancreatitis +/- diabetesaseptic meningitisencephalitis,orchitis-sterilityRT live attenuatedvaccineMeasles virus1 serotypeRT RTskinCNSmeasles(rubeola or 7 daymeasles)giant cell pneumonia,otitis media,encephalitis (1/1,000) subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (1/300,000)resp. secretions(1/1,000) 30% die, 25%have brain damage.100% die.live attenuatedvaccine RUBELLA VIRUS: (Enveloped, ss)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTION1 serotype RT skin German measles (3 daymeasles)congenital rubella syndrome,encephalitis, arthritisRT live attenuatedvaccine5 TABLE 1B: RNA VIRUSES (Page 3 of 3) RHABDOVIRUSES: (Enveloped, ss)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGET ORGANSDISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONRabies virus1 serotypeskin RTCNS rabies animal-reservoir man accidentalanti-rabies serumkilled vaccinekilled vaccine ARBOVIRUSES: (Enveloped, ss)VIRUSROUTEOFENTRYTARGETORGANSDI SEASE COMPL ICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TRE ATMENT PREVENTIONCalifornia encephalitis virusSt. Louis encephalitis virusEastern Equine encephalitis virusWest Nile virusblood blood vessels,skin, CNSencephalitis sequelae arthropod vector–mosquitoes, ticks,man is an accidentalhostSummer diseaseBirds (crow)-spreaderadicatemosquitos REOVIRUSES: (Naked, ds, 11 segments)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONRotavirus G I GI gastroenteritis dehydration fecal-oral;malnourished child[vaccine recalled-intussusception] RETROVIRUS: (Enveloped, ss, 2 copies)VIRUSROUTE OFENTRYTARGETORGANS DISEASE COMPLICATIONS EPIDEMIOLOGY TREATMENT PREVENTIONHuman Immuno-deficiency virus(HIV)genital tract,bloodT4 lymph,CNSAIDS Kaposi's sarcomaEncephalitisSTDblood transfusionsazidothymidineprotease inhibitorstriple drug therapy(HAART)avoid blood,sexual contact andshared needles6Special Viral Class:1. HEPATITIS VIRUSES Viral hepatitis is caused by at least five immunologically different viruses: 1. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) - Infectious hepatitis, yellow jaundice; 2. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) - Serum hepatitis,transfusion hepatitis; 3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) - Non A-Non B hepatitis, post-transfusion hepatitis; 4. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) virus; and