GEOG 1101 Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Pre Green Revolution Agriculture II Seeds III Green Revolution a Success or Failure IV Agriculture in US V Government subsidies VI Cheap Food Foreign policy VII Food Miles Outline of Current Lecture I Rationalization II BSE III Substitution IV Poly Cultural Systems V Local Food VI Speculation about future VII Conventional Worlds VIII Great Transitions IX Key Factors X Sustainability Current Lecture Rationalization is also known as Mcdonilization of everything Taking an assembly or industrial model and applying it to the agriculture 8 billion chickens sold in the US in 1997 Health concerns falling prices food processing Poultry science Decreased growth time gain 1 week Concentrated numbers in chicken houses Debarking to reduce damage from aggression from overcrowding Contract farming Transnational corporations provide chicks and feed farmers provide the labor and infrastructure Bovine spongiform encephalitis BSE Prion malformed protein Human variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease Debilitating degenerative fatal brain disease These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Feed source rendered meat infected with TSE Britain 1987 180 000 cows 36 000 farms to date 143 human cases United States US December 2003 Curious hot spots 8 cases of CJD at Cherry Hill Racetrack New Jersey Another form of substation cows are vegetarians rendered beef banned from cattle feed in 1997 but cattle feed still contains chicken litter which contains among other things including chicken feces chicken feed made from rendered cattle Devastated Britain s beef industry Banned feeding of ruminants to ruminants in 1997 Natural occurrence in humans is 1 in one million Grassfed beef sales in Brazil and Argentina US resisted changes in policy until only recently hurt profits risk to consumers wasn t high enough testing only performed on animals that appear to be ill Substitution Parma 11th century Raw and skimmed milk heated in special cauldrons Brined for 3 weeks Aged for 12 months 1996 PDO Preserve tradition local economy Kraf First introduced in 1945 Milk cheese cultures enzymes salt Aged 6 months Streamlined production to produce inexpensive product Employ minimum wage workers in assembly line style factory Health sustain and enhance the health of soil plant animal human and planet as one and indivisible Ecology based on living ecological systems and cycles work with them emulate them and help sustain them Fairness ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities Care protect the health and well being of current and future generations and the environment Adaptation to natural environment Poly cultural systems Extensive crop rotations fallowing Biocide free for 3 years Emphasis on soil quality and ecosystem health Farmers grow fruits vegetables for local regional markets Increasingly grains commodities Alternative economic models Increasingly extended supply chains Local food Place of production is the place of consumption Speculation about our future Cassandra Pessimistic view Exhaust resources Increase conflicts Pollyanna Optimistic view Increase global interconnections Technological advancements Reality lies between 3 potential futures Barbarism things get really bad Great transitions things get lots better Conventional worlds things stay pretty much the same Conventional Worlds Development is governed by gradual steady industrial growth worldwide Reference Scenario primary driver of change is free markets growth in wealth and increased consumption Balanced growth scenario primary driver of change is new policy and regulation Barbarism Negative stresses on present today intensify and contribute to sisal breakdown Social breakdown civil order breaks down as state weakness and the collapse of globalization Fortress world social breakdown crisis threatens privilege of the core Access to resources clean water food energy restricted to wealthy classes protected by military Great Transitions 1 Global Governance Emphasis on global common goods intergovernmental cooperation peace Restrict certain activities in order to benefit global population Leadership from TNC s intergovernmental organizations and NGO s Regulate flows of information goods Strengthen international courts 2 New Sustainability Increases in technological innovations are concentrate in core regions TNC s Gap between rich and poor widens Large sale protest against high consumer lifestyles Environmental problems in periphery grow migration to core increases CRISIS Sustainability becomes an economic environmental goal Global civil society is forged based on social justice and open decision making consensus seeking Key Factors Population Growing in periphery but stable in core India has a grown population but China has adopted the 1 child policy Europe will decline Income inequality Very serious in many countries particularly for the developing countries Handful of people with a lot of money and the rest without any money Countries such as US let the market decide income equality Resource use Technological achievement Technological achievement is increasing globally but requires wealth Most of it happens in the core Inequality in the consumption of energy between core and periphery Social conflict Contributes to people migrating to other places Island in Papa New Guinea will be underwater by 2015 and people are forced to move out and relocate Sustainability Necessary to finding a way forward in middle of potential crisis social political economic environmental Need to find a way to balance needs of this generation with the needs of future generations Need to find a way to balance the needs of core with periphery Use finite resources more efficiently or find alternatives