GEOG 1101 Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Human Environments II. The Fertile Crescent III. Urban Origins IV. Urban Expansion V. Industrialization and urbanization VI. Cities Current Lecture I. Patterns of Urban Structure II. Polycentric Metropolis III. Packaged Landscapes IV. Urban Functions V. Cities around the world a. North-American cities b. European cities c. Islamic cities d. Periphery cities Patterns of Urban Structure Central Business District Offices, hotels, transportation hubs Zone in transition Mix of residential and industrial Mixed industrial, stores, hosing, workshops, public housing projects Residential zones (ethnicity/ class) Worker homes Manager homes Gentrification Polycentric Metropolis Traditional downtown: banking, finance Newer business centers, old residential and new corporate HQ Internal edge cities: revitalized industrial areas External edge cities: freeway, airports, and new development Outermost edge-city complexes: R&D, Offices Specialized sub centers: education, entertainment, sports complexes These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Edge cities: Nodal concentrations of shopping and office space situation not he fringes of metropolitan areas, typically near highway interchanges Packaged Landscapes Sprawl: explosive, spreading growth Instead of growing up, they grow wide Sparawlmart Boomburbs: rapidly growing suburbs Gated communities (fortress communities) Generica: homogenous development Smart Growth/ New Urbanism Growth is designed to curb sprawl Preserving open space Redeveloping inner suburbs Reducing dependency on automobiles Encouraging innovative design Creating community Urban Functions Accessibility Workers, markets, resources, transportation Jobs, amenities, friends, entertainment Territoriality is the attachment to place Claim Space: private property or public land. Congregation/ segregation Congregation is the territorial or residential clustering of specific groups/subgroups Segregation is spatial separation of specific subgroups within a wider population Enclaves are ethnic districts, identity Ghettoes are low-income and discrimination Colonies: conquest, immigration Cities around the world North American Cities Fiscal Problems Low bad base due to inner city poverty Tax, revenue can’t keep up with spending Infrastructure problems Public utilities, transportation, communications Poverty/neighborhood decay Wage/rent disparities Redlining, homelessness Beaux-arts architecture style started to bring in design into architectureEuropean cities Low skylines CBD growth occurred before elevators Lively downtowns CBD remains social center instead of suburbs Neighborhood stability Municipal socialism Islamic cities Jami: principal mosque Centrally located and central of worship, education, welfare functionsSuqs: street marketplace (bazaars) Streets from mosqueAhya’: residential areas Around suqs, privacy Peripheral cities Megacities in periphery Underemployment: working less than full time Informal economy: outside regulation, cash Uneven development Slums Congested transportation systems Degraded environmental