GEOG 1101 Exam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12Lecture 1 (January 9)What is Human Geography? Human Geography is the study of spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environmentsWhat are the key themes in Human Geography? Landscapes, Modernity and Globalization are 3 themes we will visit through the semester What are the different aspects of Spatial Analysis? Location: Absolute (coordinates, address) Relative (close to something else) Cognitive (mental map) Distance: Absolute (mile, km, distance between a and b) Relative (from 1 place to another) Cognitive (Friction of Distance) cost associate with things being farther away. Social Distance: Distance between people. Space: Absolute, relative, cognitive Accessibility: Networks allow you to access things in different ways Spatial Interaction: complex statistical modelsWhat are the different classifications of Regions? Formal High degree of homogeneity for particular traits (language, race, ethnicity, traits) Functional Variability in traits, but overall coherence to structure What are the different types of Landscapes? Vernacular, Ordinary Everyday, mundane lived-in landscapes Symbolic Representation of values, inspiration, imagined community Some idea, or quality that communicates certain values. Ex: mosques, Washington dc, slums of Mumbai, Dubai islands What is a place? Specific geographic settings with distinctive physical, social , and cultural attributes Very specific, you can find itSpace with meaning What are the five functions of Place? 1. Structure the daily routines of economic and social life 2. Provide opportunities and constraints for long-term social well being 3. Provide a context for gathering knowledge and information about the world. 4. Provide a setting for socialization 5. Provide an arena for protesting social norms. Lecture 2 (January 14)What is Scale? What are the different levels of scale? A Scale is a portioning of space within which certain processes play out These are some different levels of scale: World Scale - ex. Economy, climate change, etc. World regions- ex. Middle east, North America, Latin America. ex. Trade agreements, treaties National States- ex. Federal policies, national economy, US, Canada, China, etc. Human settlements- can include cities, towns, and communities and involves work play, and family Community: towns, villages Home: family base, culture Body: self, identity What is a territory? Area claimed by or dependent on a sovereign power or Geographic space of the state or nation What is Sovereignty? Sovereignty is supreme power and the ability to self-govern. What are the properties of boundaries? Define limits of territoryImportant element of place making Create/reinforce spatial differentiation Constructed to regulate and control people and resources within them Control flow of people/resources into and out of a territory. What does globalization lead to? Globalization leads to increasing interconnectedness through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change/ processes Shared culture, economy, etc.What are some laws of Geography? 1. Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant thingsCaveat: distance can be trumped by connectivity 2. What happens in one place is related to what happens in another place Places are interdependent. Lecture 3 (January 16) What is geographical knowledge and what role does it play? It is the ability to know where stuff is and was essential in the development of world empires. What are hearth areas and where were they located? Geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have spreadThey are located in Middle East, South Asia, China, and AmericasWhat are the requirements of Hearth Areas? Natural food supplies are plentifulTerrain is diversified Soils are rich and easy to till No need for large-scale irrigation/ drainage. What is Slash and Burn? Is a system of cultivation in which plants are harvested close to the ground the stubble left to dry for a period, and ignited. The burned stubble is used as fertilizer. What are the different types of Pre-modern economies? 1. Mini Systems • Reciprocal Social Economy • Self contained, self sustained • Barter economy 2. World-Empires • Self-sustaining empires seeking more and more territories to expand economy • Redistributive Tributary: Farmers had to give some tax to the sovereign (The Empire) and the empire would redistribute the wealth by building roads, providing security, etc. • May have money-regulated economy • Major World Empire 3. World-System • Merchant/ capitalist economy • Everyone has currency • Development of the middle class, • Transition from empires into states. What are the different types of countries in the world system? Core: regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies  Economy that produces electronics, technology as well as agriculture Periphery: The regions with underdeveloped or narrowly specialized economies withlow levels of productivity.  Handful of exports, which are mostly food or natural resourcesSemi-Periphery: regions that are able to exploit peripheral regions, but are themselves exploited and dominated by other regions.  In transition, North Africa, BalkansThese are not fixed labels; countries can change into different categories. What is hegemony? Hegemony is dominance socially, economically and politically in the world system. What are the classifications of world economies today? 1st World: Capitalist Economies  Ex: US, England, 2nd world; Communist countries  Ex: soviet Russia before collapse3rd World: Non-aligned Countries  Ex. India, Africa, Middle East etc. Neither capitalist or communistLecture 4 (January 21) What is Globalization? Globalization is the Increasing interconnectedness through common processes of economic, environmental, political and cultural change/ processes. What are Transnational and Supranational Organizations? These organizations allow for globalization to happen. Transnational corporation: A firm with activities that cross national-state boundaries Headquarters in one place and operations in another Supra-National Organization: