GEOG 1101 Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. Ukraine II. Values and Belief Systems III. Belief Systems IV. Semiotics V. Sacred Places around the worldOutline of Current Lecture I. Major Religions II. Gender Sexuality and Space III. Citizenship IV. Landscape Current Lecture Major Religions Hinduism: First religion to emerge, 4000 years ago, IndiaBuddhism: evolved as reform religion of Hinduism about 500 BC, Asia Christianity: Evolved from Judaism about 2000 years ago in the middle east, Worldwide Islam: developed in Middle East about 1300 years ago, Worldwide Judaism is not a major religion because it doesn’t have many followers Gender, Sexuality and Space Gender in geography is a new sub disciple of geography Relationship between gender and space is essential Public Space is very hostile in areas such as India and Bangladesh Sex and Gender Sex is anatomical differences Gender is performance of identity associated with a particular sex Masculinity and felinity Gendered Space Any type of landscape where there are expectation of normative behaviors Normative Landscape Expectations of appropriate Behavior for men and women Individuals and groups are disciplined socially for transgressing gendered norms. In the farm there are certain activities only for men In the 1960’s, the farmer’s wife role developed into being a housewife.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Sexuality Set of practices and identities that a given culture attaches to people and their sexual activity and desires. Tend to be very normative although it has changed in the last couple decades. Sexuality and the law Acceptance of homosexuality in US shows that there is more support for it than those who oppose it. 17 States in US and 16 Countries in world legalize gay marriage Some places being homosexual leads to the death penalty. Sodomy Laws: Any sex that is not for money or reproduction A specific sexual act between gay men would lead them to get arrested. Supreme court case in 2003 struck down all Sodomy Laws on the right of privacy. Corporeal geographies are anything of, or having to do with, the body. Citizenship Social citizenship: Rights to state guarantees of social economic well-being, including employment, healthcare, pensions, or family benefits. Landscape People places and things are socially constructed: Important theme of geography Cultural geography studies the attachment in meaning Landscape is socially constructed by people Landscape is visible features of an area of land Ordinary: everyday, mundane, taken for granted Symbolic: representative of wealth, power, etc. Landscapes shape and reinforce human activities and attitudes Reflect represent and mirror values Reproduce and communicate meanings Landscapes can be read Applied Semiotics to study landscapes Cultural Landscape is a cultural complex of social and ecological processes “culture is the agent, natural area is the medium and cultural landscape is the result”. Sauer Sauer’s work didn’t take into account power differential and way power influences the shape of landscapes Not just classified or categorized: they say something about human values and beliefs Modernity Forward looking philosophy emphasizing science, rationality and progress Against traditionalism, mysticism, fatalism Enlightenment: 14th century in Europe Urban Landscapes built during 19th and 20th centuries reflect values of modernitySymbolic landscapes People built landscapes bottom up pre