POLS 1101 Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I Determining Group Power II Access to Members of Congress III Inside and Outside Lobbying IV Major Laws on Lobbying V Campaign Financing VI Campaign Contributions A Prisoner s Dilemma VII In Comparison Interest Groups VIII Organized Forms of Public Pressure Outline of Current Lecture I What are Parties II Party in Government III Party as Organizations IV Party in the Electorate V First Party System 1796 1824 VI Second Party System 1832 1860 VII Third Party System 1860 1896 VIII Fourth Party System 1896 1932 IX Fifth Party System 1932 1980 X Sixth Party System 1980 present Current Lecture Party Systems I What are Parties Parties are groups who organize to win offices Want their candidates to win II Parties are ubiquitous in democracies with strong legislatures Parties organize political conflict There are a lot of relative social groups that may have different interests and effectively all of those groups have had to side with one group or the other Urban v Rural Wealthy v Poor Divisions in terms of Religion Parties are complex political organizations National state county municipal level Candidates elected officials governing end Ordinary folk who affiliate with the party etc Party in Government In most democracies parties run the national government In Party and Out Party As of Now it is split Democrats Executive and Senate Republicans House Legislation coalitions are often not stable in the absence of parties a Policy cycles without parties Parties prevent cycling by agreeing to work together on legislation III Party as Organizations Parties as organizations work to elect candidates a Candidate selection through organized primaries and caucuses o Make sure your candidates get elected b Fundraising innovations for this 1990s started to send out c Mobilization of voters bulk mail to people who voted in repub primaries 2004 Internet played huge role in fundraising HOWARD DEAN RNC 2008 Obama took it to Facebook to target early voting IV Party in the Electorate Both Democrats and Republicans have millions of followers who claim to be party members a Stable psychological attachment to a party part of your identity b Information shortcut for voters c Running Tally of party leader performance V Party is a powerful voting cue especially straight ticket voting First Party System 1796 1824 Federalists strong national government Britain vs Democratic Republicans states rights France VI VII VIII IX X Federalists fall away due to lack of voter mobilization as the population increased Second Party System 1832 1860 Whigs emerge in 1830s to compete with Democratic Republicans Split in Democratic Republican party Nationwide mobilization developed by Democratic Republicans Ends in 1860 Whigs collapse due to division over slavery Third Party System 1860 1896 Republicans emerge under Abraham Lincoln Democrats survive Civil War and emerge with strong Southern base Republicans control Northeast and Midwest Machine politics develops Fourth Party System 1896 1932 1896 election decisive victory for McKinley and Republicans Republicans dominate national politics in decades following 1896 Progressive party emerges as the strongest minor party in history Fifth Party System 1932 1980 New Deal party system emerges with Democrats and Franklin D Roosevelt United large disparate groups of voters under Democratic label Dominate for many decades frays as Southern whites move to Republican party Sixth Party System 1980 present South has switched to Republican Urban areas and coasts Democratic Strengthening of national parties Parties have increasing polarization on major issues of the day