POLS 1101 Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Presidential VetoesII. AppointmentsIII. Orders, Agreements, and Signing StatementsIV. Presidential Signing StatementsV. Administrative ResourcesVI. The Vice PresidentVII. Investigations, Impeachments, and Electoral PressuresOutline of Current Lecture I. Federal BureaucracyII. Saturday Night MassacreIII. Private Sector Competition: A Prisoner’s DilemmaIV. Development of the Executive Bureaucracy A. Growth in SizeB. Total Executive-Branch Employment C. Spoils SystemD. Civil ServiceE. Modern ReformsCurrent Lecture: I. Federal Bureaucracy: collection of agencies that implement federal policy- Bureaucracy refers to the agenciesa. Civilian bureaucracies:b. Military bureaucracies: - Bureaucrats are those who work for the government, but are not elected- Apply and are hired, like a normal joba. Implement policies Congress and the president decide uponb. Agents to two principals:- President & Congress… and even court rulings (so three principles)II. Saturday Night Massacre- Water-gate scandal Saturday night massacre- Nixon didn’t want to release all of the evidence…- Cox received subpoenas for 9 of these tapes…- Nixon ordered for them to fire cox and everyone refused, he was left by himself- Everybody called for Nixon’s impeachment him resigning III. Private Sector Competition: A Prisoner’s DilemmaIV. Development of the Executive Bureaucracy A. Growth in Size- Increased nationalization led to the bureaucracy’s growth- Spikes in the size are correlated with reform and new programsa. Early 1900s and the economy/militaryb. 1930s and the New Dealc. 1960s/1970s and the Great Societyd. The role of warB. Total Executive-Branch Employment C. Spoils System- To the victorious party go the spoils- Jackson rewarded supporters with jobs in the bureaucracya. Patronage- Led to growth, but also interfered with implementation- Congress established the civil serviceD. Civil Service- Pendleton Act of 1883a. Most bureaucrats are civil servantsb. Jobs are protected from patronage, and they cannot be fired for political reasons- Break up role of party bossesE. Modern Reforms- Bureaucracy is widely seen as inefficient- It can be difficult to reform the bureaucracya. Politicians support reform in principle, but avoid actual reformsb. Shrinking the bureaucracy could hurt
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