POLS 1101 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Puzzle II Federalism as Response to Collective Dilemmas A Prisoner s Dilemma B Collective Action Problems C Free Rider Problems III Federalism and Competition IV Laboratories of Democracy V A The Emergence of State Lotteries Differing Preferences and Coordinated Policy VI Do people get what they want VII Federal influence on States Spending A Grant in Aid B Categorical Grants C Revenue Sharing VIII D Block Grants E Contrast Revisiting the Puzzle Outline of Current Lecture Civil Rights I Civil Rights II Civil Liberties III Constitutional Provisions for Rights and Liberties IV V VI VII VIII IX A Bill of Rights a Civil War Amendments b New Voting Groups c Judicial Interpretation Rights and Liberty Failures Court Legitimacy A Tyranny of the Majority B Failure to uphold rights C Major Rulings of the Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Movement A Main Focus B Unjust laws C Key Laws Women s Rights Affirmation Action Gay Rights Current Lecture I Civil Rights Involve an active government role in giving something to citizens Allow individuals to participate in government i e voting Ensure all individuals receive due process and equal treatment under the law Grant freedom from oppression II Civil Liberties Try to hold government from infringing from our freedoms Freedom from government interference in individual liberty Amendment one freedom of speech etc III Constitutional Provisions legal attribute that flow from these amendments for Rights and Liberties A Bill of Rights a Civil War Amendments 13 14 15 amendments b New Voting Groups 15 19 24 26 amendments c Judicial Interpretation 9th amendment and Privacy IV Rights and Liberty Failures A Alien and Sedition Acts Four bills Signed during French Revolution Thought he was preventing anarchy but it really violated the first amendment B Slavery and African Americans V VI VII Held up until the end of the civil war and the 13 14 15 amendments was set in place C Jim Crow Era Separate but equal segregation of facilities etc D Immigrants Signs against immigrants IRISH NEED NOT APPLY E Japanese Internment Potential threats to the security of state not really only because of war against Japan Court Legitimacy A Courts can protect against tyranny of the majority but must rely on elected branches for enforcement sort of on a dog leash though Unpopular decisions are rare School prayer massively unpopular but held up School desegregation B Courts have also failed to uphold rights Dred Scott v Sanford 1857 C Major rulings of the Civil Rights Movement Smith v Allwright 1944 ruled that Texas democratic party was engaging in an unconstitutional act when they held voting where only white men could vote all white primary Sweatt v Painter 1950 Sweatt was an African American who applied to law school in Austin and the state had set up that school as only serving white students They created another law school in Huston for only blacks He ended up going to the first school separate and Unequal Brown v Board of Education of Topeka 1954 Overruled Plessy v Ferguson 1896 Civil Rights Movement 1950s and 1960s Equal rights for all A Main Focus African American Rights Slavery Jim Crow etc B Particularly unjust laws in southern United States C Key Laws Civil Rights Act 1957 Added a federal law to supplement the 15 th amendment Civil Rights Act 1960 Permitted federal overseers appointed by the dept of justice to oversee voting processes to see if the 15th amendment was being violated Civil Rights Act 1964 Banned Jim Crow Equated 6th grade education with literacy Voting Rights Act 1965 Sent federal registers into southern states to register people to vote Women s Rights 19th amendment VIII IX Affirmation Action Attempt to redress past wrongs University admissions federal contracts state and city jobs Increases diversity Reverses discrimination Court rulings have been mixed Regents v Bakke 1978 Bollinger cases 2003 Fisher v University of Texas 2013 Gay Rights Some cities and states now ban discrimination based on sexual orientation Same sex marriage and civil unions major issue Civil rights of marriage does it apply Religious values Full faith and credit clause licenses issued by one state have to be recognized by another state Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 states don t have to do that violates the full faith and credit clause Military service Outright ban until 1993 Don t ask don t tell 1993 2010 Repealed in 2010