POLS 1101 Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. Internal Institutions of Congress and Unstable CoalitionsII. Party LeadersIII. CommitteesA. Types of CommitteesB. Committee membershipsIV. Other internal featuresV. Legislative Process IVI. Legislative Process IIVII. Senate DistinctivenessOutline of Current Lecture I. Framer’s Wishes: Unitary ExecutiveII. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power IIII. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power IIIV. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power IIIV. Bureaucratic Institutions in the Obama AdministrationVI. In Comparison: Executive FormsVII. Individual Presidents and Scope of the ExecutiveVIII. The Partisan PresidencyIX. The Populist PresidencyX. Presidential Public ActivitiesCurrent Lecture: I. Framer’s Wishes: Unitary Executive, separate from legislative branch- They needed someone who could respond decisively, efficiently to crises (collective action)- Helps Resolve Coordination issues:o Enforce laws uniformly and fairly: One person is responsible for execution of law o Coerce conflicting groups to cooperate: example- different states disputing, the president can resolve those problems- ARTICLE TWO of Constitution = executive branchII. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power I: George Washington set standards for presidents to follow, even some not listed in the Constitution…- Election of the president would not be direct: through the electoral college- Part of the checks and balances systemo Executor of the laws- Congress writes laws, President executes them…o Congress can impeach president, can rule that acts by the president are unconstitutionalo Appointments to the Supreme Court (body that makes most of standing decisions on what is/isn’t constitutional): President appoints all judges…- Primary role in the military and foreign policy: gave most of authority to presidento President negotiates treaties, works out executive agreements, president is commander and chief of arm forces... o Congress is supposed to declare war (last time: WWII)III. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power IIIV. Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power IIIAlsoJudicialPowerNixonV. Bureaucratic Institutions in the Obama AdministrationVI. In Comparison: Executive Forms- Founders purposely chose a system different than Britain’so Great Britain today is a parliamentary democracy: Monarch - U.S. is a presidential system- Executive elected separatelya. France is a mixed presidential system- confusing- Different veto and proposal powerso Prime minister: he or she can propose policy on floor of legislature… Most vote for what he wants too- State governors: Powers vary from state to state… o GA: governor has more legislature authority & less executive authority than other states VII. Individual Presidents and Scope of the Executive- George Washington started the cabinet system and emphasized implied powers- 19th-century presidents made the office more partisan, populist & powerful: o ANDREW JACKSON, First 6 presidents regarded veto as something that was only used for constitutional concerns… Andrew Jackson, used it as legislative tool- Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson & Franklin Roosevelt all expanded the office:o Increased national power relative to the states in the economy and the welfare state: President has a bigger hand in economic policyo Increased presidential power relative to Congress in world affairs: Theodore Roosevelt was first to leave borders of country during time of officeo Increased the size of bureaucracy: President campaigns on his party moreVIII. The Partisan Presidency- The president today is seen as the head of the party in elections and in policy making- The president’s popularity shapes the party’s success in congressional and state elections- The president’s initiatives shape the policy agenda for governmentIX. The Populist Presidency- Presidents can “go public” and communicate directly with the American people- Used to mobilize voters and put pressure on Congress- Polling to measure public opinionX. Presidential Public