CHAP 5 STDs 1 in 4 new HIV infections happen to people between the ages of 13 24 HIV testing measure antibodies HIV is the virus that causes AIDS AIDS is a clinical condition that requires 1 A positive HIV antibody test T Cell Counts Healthy Immune System 800 1200 HIV Related Illness AIDS 500 Below 200 Below 2 Having one or more AIDS Indicator Conditions Infections or diseases that take advantage of a compromised immune system Opportunistic Infections Diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through Sexual intercourse o o Oral genital contact or in non sexual ways o Facts STDs Spinal heart lungs etc TO A Mucous Membrane IV drug Fluids Risks Pre Cum Semen o o o Vaginal Fluid o Discharge Breast Milk o Internal Fluids o Mucous Membrane Cut o o Wound o o Sore Injection o Mouth Eyes o o Nose o Vagina Rectum o o Urethra Bacterial Chlamydia o Transmission When infected membranes of one person come in contact with the membranes of another person Vaginal or anal intercourse or oral genital contact Touching the eyes after touching the genitals of an infected partner From infected mother to newborn during childbirth o Signs Symptoms Fever weight loss for no reason swollen glands fatigue diarrhea white spots on the mouth Pain and a burning sensation when urinating An unusual genital discharge Discharge thin and clear May be asymptomatic FEMALE SYMPTOMS MALE SYMPTOMS Vaginal discharge white or grey or burning with urination Discharge from the penis and or burning when urinating Treatment Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Antibiotics Doxycycline or azithromycin Effects if left untreated If left untreated chlamydia can spread through reproductive system and cause sterility in both men and women Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Increase in tubal pregnancy o Signs Symptoms Having your mucous membranes come in contact with another persons infected membranes sex anal oral Also be spread from mother to child during birth Thick pus like white or yellow discharge irritation and burning at urethral opening peeing is painful FEMALE SYMPTOMS Symptoms may show up 2 21 days after having sex May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina Gonorrhea o Transmission MALE SYMPTOMS Treatment Yellow or white drip discharge from penis Burning or pain when urinating Frequent urinating Highly resistant but CDC recommends combination therapy Effects if left untreated Pelvic inflammatory disease hospital o o o o Syphilis Transmission Signs Symptoms Primary stage Sexual contact touching sores of another person An infected person gets a sore chancre May be painful at the point of contact mouth anus rectum throat or the sex organ Secondary stage Latent stage Rash Tertiary stage Rash on body fever pain hair loss aches Large ulcers Long term effects Damage to heart Sudden heart attack Failure of vision Loss of motor coordination or Mental disturbances Death Treatment Penicillin G Effects if left untreated Death organ damage Viral Genital Warts HPV Transmission o Sex skin to skin contact o Signs Symptoms o o o o o o o o The warts may cause itching burning and some pain but often don t cause any pain at all Treatment Itching irritation bleeding No Cure Apply solution of certain ointment Can be removed with liquid nitrogen and surgery Reoccurrences of warts Effects if left untreated Herpes Transmission Signs Symptoms Passed through kissing intimate touching and unprotected sex HIV o Transmission Blood semen breast milk other bodily fluids o Signs Symptoms Fever swollen glands sore throat rash fatigue muscle and join pains and headache FEMALE SYMPTOMS Itching or burning sensation and oral or genital blisters Symptoms often go away and come back later o Treatment No cure The virus stays in your body forever Symptoms can be controlled with medication zovirak o Effects if left untreated Miscarriage Cervical cancer Blisters in or around the vagina Fever Headaches MALE SYMPTOMS Small sore Cluster of blisters on the penis Treatment No cure o o o HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy Effects if left untreated Tuberculosis death blindness other infections Body fluids capable of transmitting HIV Blood Semen cum Vaginal and or cervix fluid Breast milk Fluids around body parts i e Brain joints o Body fluids that do not transmit HIV unless blood is present Saliva Tears Sweat Urine Feces Condoms will protect you from Gonorrhea Chlamydia Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Trichomoniasis HIV Condoms MIGHT protect you Herpes Warts o o Syphilis o PID o If the outbreak is on the penis covered by the condom If the warts are on the penis and covered by the condom If there is no open sore Condom use will decrease the exposure of bacteria which lead to PID in women CHAP 6 BIRTH CONTROL Percentage of couples who use the technique properly and consistently that become pregnant during the first year of use Perfect Use Pregnancy Rate Typical Use Pregnancy Rate Percentage of couples who use the technique proper or not proper that become pregnant during the first year of use Not all 100 effective and some are more suitable for different groups Dental Dam A thin latex or polyurethane sheet used for oral sex Can help reduce the risk of contracting an STD Advantages o Helps protect against STDs o o May come in flavors Inexpensive Disadvantages o o o Can only be used once Can t be used for intercourse Can t use same dam for vaginal and anal contact Spermicides Substances that kill sperm o Foams jellies creams and film that contains chemicals that kill sperm All must be placed in the back of the vagina before sex o Waiting period 10 mins Lose effectiveness over time must be replaced each time Not reliable if used alone o Combine with barrier methods Reduce the risk of getting STD s o Do not protect woman against chlamydia gonorrhea and HIV Increase HIV Preventing sperm from meeting egg Prevent pregnancy with a blockade between penis and vagina Barrier Methods Condoms Highly effective in preventing STDs No major heath hazards Made out of latex or polyurethane Requires water based lubricant Doesn t affect sexual experience sensations Intra vaginal pouch that is held in place in the vagina by two flexible rings Check expiration date Female Condom No major health concerns Prevent STDs Can t be used with a male condom Diaphragm The spermicide immobilizes and kills the sperm o A shallow rubber cup that fits in the vagina o Must be used with spermicide o Once placed inside the vagina it forms a barrier between