CFS 388 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Questions for the DayII. Expressing LoveIII. Lust vs. LoveIV. Common Questions about LoveV. PheromonesVI. Theory of Love #1: Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of LoveVII. Theory of Love #2: John Lee’s Six Styles of LoveVIII. The ABC(DE)’s of Romantic RelationshipsIX. John Gottman’s Four Horsemen of the ApocalypseX. Skills to Create Healthy, Intimate RelationshipsI. MasturbationOutline of Current Lecture I. Questions for the DayII. AttractionIII. Sexual DesireIV. Sexual ResponseV. Models of Sexual Responsea. Male Sexual Response Cycleb. Female Sexual Response CycleVI. AnatomyCurrent LectureI. Questions for the Daya. Are there universal characteristics of sexual attractiveness?b. What is lust and how do we define it?c. What role did Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Havelock Ellis, Alfred Kinsey and Masters & Johnson play in our modern day understanding of human sexuality?d. What are Masters & Johnson’s 4 stages of sexual response? Helen Singer-Kaplan’s3 stages?e. Why can women have multiple orgasms and men can’t?II. Attractiona. Factors influencing attraction:i. Chemistry (hormones and pheromones)ii. Proximity (physically near the other person)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Love map (person meshes with your internal structures of what you find desirable)iv. Beauty (you find them physically attractive)v. Similarity (have common interests and personality traits)vi. Reciprocity (we like people who like us and reward us)b. Two characteristics that BOTH sexes almost universally find attractive:i. Youthii. Good healthc. From evolutionary standpoint, this makes sense (want a young, healthy mate)III. Sexual Desirea. Desire/lust/libido: intense craving for sexual excitement and gratificationi. Caused by oxytocinb. Aphrodisiacs:i. Aphrodisiac = a substance that allegedly increases sexual appetite and desireii. Idea has been around for centuries, but never been proveniii. Alcohol commonly thought of as aphrodisiac1. Lowers inhibitions, makes you more open to sexual encounters2. Can make sex less stressful3. BUT acts as a depressant4. Can cause erectile dysfunctionIV. Sexual Responsea. 1886: Richard von Krafft-Ebing writes PsychopathiaSexualisi. Contained hundreds of case studiesii. His conclusion: masturbation is cause of ALL social ills and health issuesb. 1906: Havelock Ellis writes Psychology of Sexi. Contained some controversial ideas for the timeii. Said women have sexual desires just as men doiii. Masturbation is normal part of life, and both men and women do itiv. Sexual orientation exists in degreesv. Male sexual response is very similar to female sexual responsevi. Sexual problems may be physiological OR psychologicalvii. Opened window for modern understanding of sexualityc. 1948 and 1953: Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female respectivelyi. Began research in 1938ii. First researcher to ask people questions about their sex lifeiii. Covered wide range of activitiesiv. Brought statistical methods to sexuality researchd. 1966: Masters & Johnson public Human Sexual Behaviori. Observed couples’ sexual behaviors in laboratory settingii. Used penile strain gauge and vaginal photolethysmograph1. Both measure vasocongestion (blood flow) in genitals2. Provide an objective measure of level of sexual arousalV. Models of Sexual Responsea. 1950: common thought was people go through 2 stages i. Excitementii. Orgasmb. 1970s: Masters & Johnson said they go through 4 stagesi. Excitementii. Plateauiii. Orgasmiv. Resolutionc. 1980s: Helen Singer-Kaplan, psychiatrist, comes up with 3-stage modeli. Desireii. Excitementiii. Orgasmd. Kaplan met with many couples who failed to reach desire stage, thus leading to her development of 3 stagese. Male Sexual Response Cycle:i. Exclusively male experiences:1. Men experience ejaculatory inevitability during plateau stage, just before orgasma. Means “there’s no going back”b. May contribute to premature ejaculation in some men2. Refractory period = period where man is unable to have another erection without a rest perioda. Women have NO refractory periodii. Male Excitement Phase1. Erection2. Widening of urethra3. Thickening of scrotal skin4. Partial elevation of testesiii. Male Plateau Phase1. Full erection/engorgement, darkening color of glans penis2. Appearance of secretion from Cowper’s glandsa. May contain some spermb. Purpose is to cleanse urethra of acidic urine which could kill the sperm during ejaculation3. Scrotum is pulled upwards4. Testes increase in size and elevate further upwardiv. Male Orgasmic Phase1. Throbbing of penis with contractions2. Ejaculation of semen3. Testes at maximum elevation4. Contractions of vas deferens, ejaculatory muscles, and anusf. Female Sexual Response Cyclei. Exclusively female experiences:1. Sexual response is much more variable2. No refractory period3. Does not necessarily lead to orgasmii. Female Excitement Phase1. Uterus elevates2. Vagina begins to lubricate3. Inner 1/3 of vagina distends4. Enlargement of labia5. Clitoris swells and elongatesiii. Female Plateau Phase1. Uterus fully elevated2. Inner 2/3 of vagina distends, lengthens further3. Clitoris retracts under foreskin4. Formation of “orgasmic platform” (swelling of outer 1/3 of vagina and minor lips)iv. Female Orgasmic Phase1. Wavelike contractions of uterus2. Muscular contractions of anus and outer 1/3 of vaginaVI. Anatomya. Penisi. 3 cylinders inside: urethra (within corpus spongiosum) and 2 caverns that fill with blood during erectionii. Blood is retained by dorsal walliii. Glans: end of penis—many nerve endings, extremely sensitiveiv. Skin of shaft is NOT sensitive; nerves underneath respond to skin’s movementv. Average penis size is 4 inches flaccid, 6 inches erectb. Scrotum/Testesi. Secrete testosterone and produce spermii. Scrotum is outside the body to keep sperm at cooler temperatureiii. Takes about 72 days to produce mature spermiv. Testes converge into epididymis, which holds sperm for 2 to 4 weeks while they mature furtherv. Testicles draw close to body during sexual responsec. Male erogenous zonesi. Penisii. Scrotumiii. Nipples (not in all men)iv. Entire surface of skin may be considered erogenous zoned. Prostatei. Provides mixture that is texture and odor of seminal