a. Condom invented in EgyptII. 1850 B.C.a. Pessary- earliest contraceptive device. Various objects inserted into vagina to block or kill sperm.III. Fumigation kettlea. Used in India. Herbs and other things created a steam to be squatted over by a woman to kill sperm.IV. IUD came from the ArabsV. Oral contraceptivesa. Drinks proposed to prevent pregnancy.b. Could sometimes be fatalVI. Average woman cab near children for 36 years, but prevent having children for 27 of those yearsVII. Points to Remembera. 1. What is it? (Barrier vs. hormonal)b. 2. How does it work?c. 3. How do you use it?VIII. Barrier vs. Hormonal MethodsIX. Barriera. Made of a material like polyurethane or latex, prevent sperm from reaching eggb. May help prevent STD’sX. Hormonala. Only used by a womanb. No protection from STD’sXI. Non-Prescription Methodsa. Can be obtained at drug stores, grocery stores, clinics, etc.b. Can be less expensive or freec. No hormonal side effectsXII. Male Condoma. Made out of latex or polyurethaneb. Lubricated or non-lubricatedc. Textures, flavors, and colorsd. Keep in a cool, dry place. Do not keep in wallet or care. Check expiration date!f. 86-89% effective with typical useg. Advantagesi. Effective, safe, inexpensiveii. Helps protect against STD’siii. May help intercourse last longer.h. Disadvantagesi. Can be messy. Can breakii. Requires water based lubricantiii. Can be allergic to latex or polyurethaneXIII. Female Condoma. Soft polyurethane tube with 2 rings that fits inside vagina and covers part of lipsb. 85% effective with proper usec. Advantagesi. Effective and safeii. Can be inserted 8 hrs. before sexiii. Helps protects against STD’siv. Lubricatedd. Disadvantagesi. Can be messy, can breakii. Can be allergiciii. Can’t be used with a male condomXIV. Spermicidesa. Chemical designed to kill spermb. Cream, jelly, foam, film, or suppositoryc. 80% effective with proper used. Have to apply 10 minutes before sexe. Advantagesi. Somewhat effective, safe, good lubricantii. Inexpensivef. Disadvantagesi. Must be inserted before intercourseii. No protection against STD’siii. Reapply with every sex activ. Waiting periodv. Can cause irritationXV. Dental Damsa. Thin latex sheet used for oral sexb. Can help reduce risk of contracting an STDc. Advantagesi. Helps protect against STD’sii. Inexpensiveiii. May come in flavorsd. Disadvantagesi. Can’t be used for intercourseii. Can only be used onceiii. Can’t use same dam for vaginal and anal sexXVII. Prescription Methodsa. Methods that must be prescribedb. Important to know medical historyc. Can be expensived. May have side effectse. No protection against STD’sf. Can be used for reasons other than preventing pregnancyg. Can be convenientXVIII. Diaphragma. Shallow rubber cap that fits into vaginab. Must be used with spermicidec. Once placed inside vagina, creates barrier between sperm and egg; spermicide kills spermd. 82% effective with typical usee. Tailored for each individualf. Advantagesi. Fairly effective and safeii. Can be washed and used againiii. Fairly inexpensiveg. Disadvantagesi. Must be prescribed and fittedii. Must remain in 6 days afteriii. No STD protectionXIX. Cervical Capa. Cervical cap is similar, blocks sperm from entering cervixb. Placed over cervix, use with spermicidec. Failure rate is 15% for those who never had children and 30% for who haved. Advantagesi. Can stay in place for 48 hrs.ii. Inexpensivee. Disadvantagesi. Fitted by a doctorii. No protection against STD’siii. Can’t be used during periodXX. Contraceptive Spongea. Sold as today sponge, made of foam and contains spermicideb. Placed against cervix 24 hrs. before sexc. About as effective as cervical capd. No fitting by doctor is requirede. Advantagesi. No prescriptionii. Effective immediatelyf. Disadvantagesi. Difficult to insertii. No STD protectioniii. Can’t be used during periodXXI. Oral Contraceptivesa. Daily pill taken in 4 week cycleb. Manufactured hormones similar to estrogen produced by ovariesc. Prevents release of eggs, makes cervical mucous thicker, uterine lining thinnerd. 95% effective with typical usee. Advantagesi. Convenient, very effective, doesn’t interfere with sexii. Regulate periods, decrease crampsf. Disadvantagesi. Must be prescribedii. Can’t be used by all womeniii. Should not be used by smokersiv. No protection against STD’sXXII. NuvaRinga. Small plastic rings that fits inside vagina next to cervixb. Worn for 3 weeks and contains estrogen and progesterone, much like the pillc. 98-99% effective if used correctlyd. Advantagesi. Do not have to think about birth control everydaye. Disadvantagesi. Must obtain prescriptionii. Need to keep track of weeksiii. Increased risk of vaginal infectionsiv. No protection against STD’sXXIII. Birth Control Patcha. Small thin patch worn in a 4 week cycleb. Works similar to birth control pillsc. Release hormones through the skin into bloodstreamd. 99% effective when used correctlye. Advantagesi. Stays on during normal activitiesii. Discreetf. Disadvantagesi. Must be prescribedii. Can cause irritationiii. Need to keep track of patch change dayiv. No STD protectionXXIV. Depo-Proveraa. Artificial hormone given as a shot every 3 monthsb. Works similar to the pillc. 99.7% effectiveness if used correctlyd. Advantagesi. Very effectiveii. Only have to apply 4 times a yeare. Disadvantagesi. Must be administered by health care providerii. May cause bleeding, weight gain, missed periods, and hair growth.iii. No protection against STD’s.XXV. VasalGela. Male birth control in the worksb. Still in clinical testingXXVI. Implanon- The Implanta. Matchstick sized rod inserted ito upper armb. Releases same hormone used by birth control shotc. Failure rate less than 1%d. Advantagesi. Lasts 3 yearsii. Highly effectivee. Disadvantagesi. More expensive upfrontii. May cause bleeding and other side effectsiii. Does not prevent STD’sXXVII. IUD (Intrauterine Device)a. Small plastic device placed inside uterusb. Most release copper hormones to increase effectivenessc. 99.7% effectiveness rated. Advantagesi. Very effectiveii. Can be left in place 5-10 yearse. Disadvantagesi. Must be prescribed/inserted by physicianii. May cause cramping, bleeding, and heavier periodsiii. No protection against STD’sXXVIII. Tubal Implantsa. Newer procedure that blocks fallopian tubes without surgeryb. Small implants of metal placed inside each tube. Scar tissue eventually grows around implantsc. Once applied, no other birth