CFS 388 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 2 - 6Lecture 2 (January 21)Love and DevelopmentI. What are components of loving well?a. Time (being with your partner), work (actively improving and investing in the relationship), and patience (learning your partner’s flaws and being able to forgive) are all components of loving well.II. What is self-awareness?a. Self-awareness is understanding who you are and what you want (esp. in the context of a partner).III. What are love maps and how are they formed?a. Love maps are internal schema that begin forming in infancy and form throughout childhood. They describe our likes and dislikes and act as shortcuts todeciding who we are attracted to.IV. What is the difference between affective sexuality and genital sexuality?a. Affective sexuality is defined as being physically close to others (i.e. touching, hugging, kissing, or playing together). Genital sexuality is deriving sexual pleasurethrough stimuli.V. What is worthwhileness?a. Worthwhileness is having the capacity to love and be loved.VI. What are the three attachment styles and what are the differences between them?a. Secure attachment is trusting that others will provide love and support. Anxious/ambivalent attachment is fearing abandonment and that one’s needs might not be met. Avoidant attachment is defensively withdrawing from others.VII. What are stereotypes and how do they relate to gender roles?a. Stereotypes are fixed, oversimplified, often distorted ideas about groups of people. Gender roles are a type of stereotype having to do with the behaviors associated with a certain gender.Lecture 3(January 28) Adolescent DevelopmentI. When does adolescence occur, and what types of development take place during thisperiod?a. Adolescence approximately occurs between the ages of 12 to 20 and involves psychological, social, sexual, cognitive and physiological development.II. Is masturbation dangerous?a. No, masturbation has been scientifically shown to be normal and healthy.III. What did Sylvester Graham and John Henry Kellogg do with regards to sexuality?a. Both attempted to develop foods to curb the sexual appetite and prevent masturbation.Lecture 4 (February 4)Theories of LoveI. Is love a feeling, activity, or both?a. Love is both an expressed feeling (must be shown verbally) and an activity (must be demonstrated through behaviors).II. Is there a difference between lust and love?a. Love is a deep, long-term, emotional experience that builds over time. Lust, however, is a physiological experience in which one has an intense desire or interest in someone else.III. What are pheromones?a. Pheromones are genetic markers we unconsciously pick up on through scent.IV. What is Sternberg’s theory of love and what are its components?a. Sternberg developed the triangular theory of love. Its three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment.V. What are John Lee’s six styles of love?a. The six styles of love are eros, ludus, storge/philia, pragma, mania, and agape.VI. List the ABC(DE)’s of romantic relationships.a. Attraction, building, continuation, deterioration, ending (OR acceptance) are the ABC(DE)’s of romantic relationships.VII. What are John Gottman’s four signs of troubled relationships?a. The four signs are criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and withdrawal.VIII. How can one create healthy, intimate relationships?a. One can improve communication between partners, avoid jumping to conclusions or making assumptions, and be “bilingual” (understand each other’s language of love).Lecture 5 (February 11)Sexual Attraction and ArousalI. Are there universal characteristics of sexual attractiveness?a. Yes, youth and good health are widely considered the universal attractive traits. However, attraction still varies by person.II. What are aphrodisiacs? Are they effective?a. Aphrodisiacs are substances meant to increase sexual desire. None are proven to be consistently effective.III. What did Richard von Krafft-Ebing do?a. Krafft-Ebing conducted hundreds of case studies in the 1800s and concluded that masturbation is the cause of all social ills.IV. What did Havelock Ellis do?a. Havelock Ellis researched sexuality in the early 1900s and published modernized views of sexuality, including the ideas that women have sexual desires, masturbation is a normal part of life, and sexual orientation exists in degrees.V. What did Alfred Kinsey contribute to our understanding of sexuality?a. Kinsey interviewed people and had them talk about their sex lives, published books on the matter, and brought statistical methods to sexuality research.VI. Who were Masters & Johnson and what did their research include?a. Masters & Johnson were researchers who observed couples’ sexual behaviors in a laboratory setting to study sexuality objectively.VII. What are the Masters & Johnson four stages of sexual response?a. The four stages of sexual response are excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.VIII. What are Helen Singer-Kaplan’s three stages of sexual response?a. The three stages of sexual response are desire, excitement, and orgasm.IX. Why can women have multiple orgasms, while men cannot?a. Men have a refractory period, which means they must wait an undetermined amount of time before they are able to have an erection again. Women do not have a refractory period, and thus they can have multiple orgasms.Lecture 6 (February 18)Orgasm and Atypical Sexual DesireI. What is an orgasm?a. Orgasm is the discharge of accumulated neuro-muscular tension which results from sexual arousal (in physiological terms). In subjective terms, it is a high pitch of erotic tension, lasting a fraction of a minute, but one of the most intense, profoundly satisfying human sensations.II. What is transvestism?a. Transvestism is cross-dressing to obtain sexual pleasure. Many people cross-dressfor reasons other than sexual gratification, but transvestites are aroused by dressing as the opposite gender.III. What are paraphilia?a. A paraphilia is a sexual behavior in which a person is sexual aroused or gratified by an act or object that is not necessarily associated with sexuality.IV. What is the difference between fetishes and paraphilia?a. A fetish falls under the category of paraphilia, but is specifically an object or action that acts as a substitute for human contact during sexual behaviors.V. What is pedophilia?a. Pedophilia is a sexual attraction to prepubescent children.VI. What is sadism?a. Sadism is