Technology In Focus Computing Alternatives PAGE 252 265 Test on page 265 1 Open source software frelly distributed contrains the source code and can be in turn distributed to others Free make changed to source code redistribute Zoho Thinkfree com Open office free suite of productivity that is similar to Microsoft office Openoffice org Writer word processing odt but you can also save like doc psw htm Calc like spreadsheet ods can also save like xls and xlsx and Pocket Excel Impress presentation other templates go to Openoffice org Impress Templates Base manipulate databases tables forms queries and reports Similar to Microsoft Access and SQL Server but need separate converter to work with Access MySQL mysql com free high end SQL database application Database server to create tables for your database and enter your data Query Browser visual interface for the database to display results of queries you create More difficult than Microsoft Access Mozilla Thunderbird Mozilla org open source email client that had many enhancements Microsoft Visio flowcharts and diagrams not inexpensive Dia free like Viso Sketch Up by google charting option Adobe Dreamweaver building websites Expression Web like Microsoft Office 2010 suite Sea Monkey Composer free web authoritng application WYSIWYG Adobe Photoshop GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program gimp org Windows is 90 of the market share prime target for viruses Linux portability and takes up less space less of target can use portable flash drive Available for downloads in Distributions or Distros underlying Linux kernal and special modifications to the OS and also open source software Distrowatch com tips for beginners Ubantu and PC Linux OS Mandrivia Linux 2010 Hundreds of distros available and a lot of security and other portibility Open Source Photography informed on all the open source tools and life easier for photographers Wiki site MAC Macbook air Macbook macbook pro iMac Core 2 Dio Processor or Intel Core i5 Graphic designers and computer edit images go to Mac Mac OS X Snow Lepard based on UNIX OS Time machine backup utility Finder like windows explorer Spaces keep order when projects pile up Spotlight find anything on your computer from one spot Quicklook view contents without opening file Dashboard and widgets easy access for many mini applications Menu Bar top of desktop shows which program is active Dock similar to taskbar with strip of icons MAC OSX allows you to install Windows Vista or 7 and run them using a Sidebar any folders you specify built in utility BootCamp without rebooting at all Control Panel or System Preferences Snow Lepord comes with Firewall Case Processor CPU Utilites Acitvity Monitor DIY Toms Hardware Motherboard enough PCI expansion slots RAM Hard Drive Video Card Sound Card Optical Drives CD DVD BLUE RAY Mouse Keyboard Monitor OS Software Tiger Direct New Egg Tech Report Website to put it together Power Suply Technology in Focus Under the Hood PAGE 347 360 System Unit box that contains the central electronic components of the computer Like an on off switch Computers work with numbers not words Binary language two numbers 0 and 1 Electrical switches devices inside the computer that can be flipped between these two states of 1 and 0 signifying on and off Pushed in On 1 Pushed out OFF 0 Vacuum Tubes Transistors earliet generation of electronic computers used vaccum tubes as switches by allowing or blocking the flow of electrical current ENIAC first high speed computer Transistors electrical switches that are built out of layers of a special type of material Semiconductor any material that can be controlled to either conduct electricity or act as an insulator to prohibit electricity from passing through Silicon Integrated circuits or chips tiny regions of semiconductor material such as silicon that support a huge number of transistors Microprocessors chips that contain a CPU Intel 4004 are first complete microprocessor 2 billion transistors can be manufactures in tiny as space as nail on your finger Number system organized plan for representing a number Base 10 number system OR Decimal notation system you use to represent all of the numeric values you use each day its called base 10 because it uses 10 digits 0 through 9 Binary number system OR Base 2 Number system only with 2 numbers can represent all the values that base 10 number system can Sum of powers of 2 Hexadecimal notation large integer value becomes a very long string of 1s and 0s in binary Base 16 number system 0 9 and ABCDEF American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII represent each letter or character as an 8bit binary code Represents the 26 upper case letters and 26 lower case along with many punctuation symbols and other special characters Bit each binary digit Byte 8 binary digits or bits combine to create 1 byte Unicode 16 bits instead of 8 used in the ASCII Decimal Numbers binary number can also represent decimal number Floating Point Standard how numbers with fractional parts should be represented in the binary number system 32 bit system All data inside the computer is stored as bits Numbers are stored according to IEEE floating point Letters are stored ASCII code or Unicode CPU Machine cycle or processing cycle 1 Fetch the 0 s and 1 s that make up the code must be fetched from temp storage in RAM and moved to CPU 2 Decode once binary code is in CPU its decoded to commands CPU understands 3 Execute CPU actually performs the work described in the commands 4 Store result is stored in one of the registers Registers special memory storage areas built into the CPU System clock motherboard uses a built in systems clock from one machine cycle to the next internal clock Clock cycle steady beats or ticks of the system clock set the pace by which the computer moves from process to process Clock speed measured in Hz how many times something happens per second today is in GHz Control Unit CPU manages the switches inside the CPU to remember the sequence of processing stages that the CPU should be set with each beat of the system clock the control unit moves each switch to the correct on and off setting then performs the work of that stage Cache memory small blocks of memory located directly on and next to the CPU chip Are holding places for recently or frequently used instructions or data that the CPU needs most 1 Level 1 cache block of memory that built onto CPU chip to store data or commands that have just been used 2 Level 2 cache if not located
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