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Exam 11.Computer literate: being familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations and know how to use themInformation technology (IT): the set of techniques used in processing and retrieving informationData mining: the process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated to spot significant patterns or trends within the data that would otherwise not be obviousBluetooth technology: a type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances. Often used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computers or headsets to cell phonesComputer forensics: the application of computer systems and techniques to gather potential legal evidence; a law enforcement specialty used to fight high-tech crime Radio frequency identification tags (RFID tag): a tag that looks like a sticker or label is attached to a batch or merchandise, and contains a microchip that holds a unique sequence of numbers used to identify the product to which it is attachedPatient stimulator: a computer-controlled mannequin that stimulates human body functions and reactions. Patient stimulators are used in training doctors, nurses, and emergency services personnel by stimulating dangerous situations that would put live patients at riskPublic domain: the status of software that is not protected by copyrightNanoscience: the study of molecules and nanostructures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 nanometersNanotechnology: the science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scaleAffective computing: a type of computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion2.Computer: a data processing device that gathers, processes outputs, and stores digital data and informationData: numbers, words, pictures, or sounds that represent facts, figures, or ideasBinary language: the language computers use to process data into information, consisting of only the values 0 and 1Binary digit (bit): a digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer’s switches. Contains the value of either 1 or 0Byte: eight binary digits (bits)Hardware: any part of the computer you can physically touchApplication Software: the set of programs that run on a computer to help a user carry out tasks such as word processing, sending e-mail, balancing a budget, creating presentations, editing photos, taking an online course, and playing gamesSystem Software: the set of programs that enables a computer’s hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programsOperating System (OS): the system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and softwareNotebook Computer: a small compact, portable computerNetbook: a computing device that runs a full-featured operating system but weighs two pounds or lessTablet PC: a notebook computer designed specifically to work with handwriting recognition technologyDesktop Computer: a computer that is intended for use at a single location. A desktop computer consists of a case that houses the main components of the computer, plus peripheral devicesPeripheral Device: a device such as a monitor, printer, or keyboard that connects to the system unit through portsAll-in-one Computer: a desktop system unit that house the computer’s processor, memory, and monitor in a single unitMainframe: a large expensive computer that supports hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same timeSupercomputer: a specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly; used in situations in which complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed (such as weather forecasting or atomic energy research)Embedded Computer: a specially designed computer chip that resides inside another device, such as a car. These self-contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receive input from users nor interact with other systemsKeyboard: a hardware device used to enter typed data and commands into a computerMouse: a hardware device used to enter user responses and commands into a computerStylus: a pen-shaped device used to tap or write on touch-sensitive screensQWERTY Keyboard: a keyboard that is distinguished by the first six letters on the top-left row of alphabetical keys on the keyboardOptical Mouse: a mouse that uses an internal sensor or laser to control the mouse’s movement. The sensor sends signals to the computer, telling it where to move the pointer on the screenTrackball Mouse: a mouse with a rollerball on top instead of the bottom. Because you move the trackball with your fingers, it doesn’t require much wrist motion, so it’s considered healthier for your wrist than a traditional mouseTouch Pad: a small, touch sensitive screen at the base of a notebook keyboard. To use the touchpad, you simply move your fingers across the pad to direct the mouseTrackpoint Device: a small, joystick-like nub that enables you to move the cursor with the tip of your fingerTouch Screen: a type of monitor (or display in a notebook or PDA) that accepts input from users touching the screenOutput Device: a device that sends processed data and information out of a computer in the form or text, pictures, sounds, or videoMonitor (display screen): a common output device that displays text, graphics, and video as soft copies (copies that can be seen only on screen)Printer: a common output device that creates tangible or hard copies of text and graphicsLiquid Crystal Display (LCD): the technology used in flat-panel computer monitorsFlat-Panel Monitor: a type of monitor that is lighter and more energy-efficient than a CRT monitor; often used with portable computersLegacy Technology: comprises computing devices, software, or peripherals that use techniques, parts, and methods from an earlier time that are no longer popularPixel: a single point that creates the images on a computer monitor. They are illuminated by an electron beam that passes rapidly back and forth across the back of the screen so that the pixels appear to glow continuously.Aspect Ratio: the width-to-height proportion of a monitorResolution: the clearness of sharpness of an image, which is controlled by the number of pixels displayed on screenContrast Ratio: a measure of the difference in light


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FSU CGS 2060 - Exam 1

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