CGS 2060 Test 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 Affective computing computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion Bluetooth A type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances Often used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computers or headsets to cell phones Computer forensics The application of computer systems and techniques to gather potential legal evidence a law enforcement specialty used to fight high tech crime Computer literate Being familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations and know how to use them Digital divide The discrepancy between those who have access to the opportunities and knowledge computers and the Internet offer and those who do not Digital home A home that has a computers and other digital devices that are all connected to a home network Information technology IT The set of techniques used in processing and retrieving information Nanoscience The study of molecules and nanostructures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers Nanotechnology The science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale Offshored The process of sending jobs formerly performed in the US to other countries Patient simulator A computer controlled mannequin that simulates human body functions and reactions They are used in training doctors nurses and emergency services personnel by simulating dangerous situations that would put live patients at risk Public domain The status of software that is not protected by copyright Radio frequency identification tag RFID tag A tag that looks like a sticker or label is attached to a batch of merchandise and contains a microchip hat holds a unique sequence of numbers used to identify the product to which it is attached Software The set of computer programs or instructions that tell the computer what to do and enables it to perform different tasks Spam Unwanted or junk email Chapter 2 All in one computer desktop system unit that houses the computers processor memory and monitor in a single unit Application Software Set of programs on a computer that helps a user carry out tasks such as word processing sending email balancing a budget creating presentations editing photos taking an online course and playing games Aspect ratio The width to height proportion of a monitor Binary digit bit A digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computers switches Contains a value of either 0 or 1 Binary language The language computers use to process data into information consisting of only the value 0 and 1 Blu ray disc A method of optical storage for digital data developed for storing high definition media It has the largest storage capacity of all optical storage options Brightness A measure of the greatest amount of light showing when a monitor is displaying pure white measured a candelas per square meter or nits Byte Eight binary digits bits Compact disc CD A method of optical storage for digital data originally developed for storing digital audio Central processing unit CPU The part of the system unit of a computer that is responsible for data processing it is the largest and most important chip in the computer The CPU controls all the functions performed by the computers other components and processes all the commands issued to it by software instructions Cold boot The process of starting a computer from a powered down or off state Computer A data processing device that gathers processes outputs and stores data and information Connectivity port A port that enables the computer to be connected to other devices or systems such as networks modems and the internet Contrast ratio A measure of the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and the darkest black colors that a monitor can produce If the contrast ratio I too low colors tend to fade when the brightness is adjusted to a high or low setting Cursor control key A set of controls on standard keyboards that move the cursor Data Numbers words pictures or sounds that represent facts figures or ideas Desktop computer A computer that is intended for use at a single location A desktop computer consists of a case that houses the main components of the computer plus peripheral devices Digital video disc DVD A method of optical storage for digital data that has greater storage capacity than compact discs Digital video interface DVI Video interface technology that newer LCD monitors as well as other multimedia devices such as televisions DVD players and projectors use to connect to a PC Drive bay A special shelf inside a computer that is designed to hold storage devices Embedded computer A specifically designed computer chip that resides inside another device such as a car These self contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receives input from users nor interacts with other systems Ergonomics How a user sets up his or her computer and other equipment to minimize risk or injury or discomfort Ethernet port A port that is slightly larger than a standard phone jack and transfers data at speeds of up to 10 000 Mbps used to connect a computer to a DSL or cable modem or a network Expansion card A circuit board with specific functions that augment the computers basic functions and provide connections to other devices examples include the sounds card and the video card External hard drive An internal hard drive that is enclosed in a protective case to make it portable the drive is connected to the computer with a data transfer cable and is often used to back up data FireWire 400 An interface port that transfers data at 400 Mbps FireWire 800 One of the fastest ports available moving data at 800 Mbps Flash drive A drive that plugs into a universal serial bus USB port on a computer and stores data digitally Flash memory card Portable nonvolatile memory Flat panel monitor A type of monitor that is lighter an more energy efficient than a CRT monitor often used with portable computers such as notebooks Gigabyte About a billion bytes Gigahertz One billion hertz Hard drive A device that holds all permanently stored programs and data can be located inside the system unit or attached to the system unit via a USB port Hardware Any part of the computer you can physically touch Hibernate A power management mode that saves the current state of the current system to the computers hard drive High definition multimedia interface HDMI A
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