Exam 1 1 Computer literate being familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations and know how to use them Information technology IT the set of techniques used in processing and retrieving information Data mining the process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated to spot significant patterns or trends within the data that would otherwise not be obvious Bluetooth technology a type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances Often used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computers or headsets to cell phones Computer forensics the application of computer systems and techniques to gather potential legal evidence a law enforcement specialty used to fight high tech crime Radio frequency identification tags RFID tag a tag that looks like a sticker or label is attached to a batch or merchandise and contains a microchip that holds a unique sequence of numbers used to identify the product to which it is attached Patient stimulator a computer controlled mannequin that stimulates human body functions and reactions Patient stimulators are used in training doctors nurses and emergency services personnel by stimulating dangerous situations that would put live patients at risk Public domain the status of software that is not protected by copyright Nanoscience the study of molecules and nanostructures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers Nanotechnology the science of using nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale Affective computing a type of computing that relates to emotion or deliberately tries to influence emotion 2 Computer a data processing device that gathers processes outputs and stores digital data and information Data numbers words pictures or sounds that represent facts figures or ideas Binary language the language computers use to process data into information consisting of only the values 0 and 1 Binary digit bit a digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer s switches Contains the value of either 1 or 0 Byte eight binary digits bits Hardware any part of the computer you can physically touch Application Software the set of programs that run on a computer to help a user carry out tasks such as word processing sending e mail balancing a budget creating presentations editing photos taking an online course and playing games System Software the set of programs that enables a computer s hardware devices and application software to work together it includes the operating system and utility programs Operating System OS the system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions including the management of hardware peripherals and software Notebook Computer a small compact portable computer Netbook a computing device that runs a full featured operating system but weighs two pounds or less Tablet PC a notebook computer designed specifically to work with handwriting recognition technology Desktop Computer a computer that is intended for use at a single location A desktop computer consists of a case that houses the main components of the computer plus peripheral devices Peripheral Device a device such as a monitor printer or keyboard that connects to the system unit through ports All in one Computer a desktop system unit that house the computer s processor memory and monitor in a single unit Mainframe a large expensive computer that supports hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same time Supercomputer a specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly used in situations in which complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed such as weather forecasting or atomic energy research Embedded Computer a specially designed computer chip that resides inside another device such as a car These self contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receive input from users nor interact with other systems Keyboard a hardware device used to enter typed data and commands into a computer Mouse a hardware device used to enter user responses and commands into a computer Stylus a pen shaped device used to tap or write on touch sensitive screens QWERTY Keyboard a keyboard that is distinguished by the first six letters on the top left row of alphabetical keys on the keyboard Optical Mouse a mouse that uses an internal sensor or laser to control the mouse s movement The sensor sends signals to the computer telling it where to move the pointer on the screen Trackball Mouse a mouse with a rollerball on top instead of the bottom Because you move the trackball with your fingers it doesn t require much wrist motion so it s considered healthier for your wrist than a traditional mouse Touch Pad a small touch sensitive screen at the base of a notebook keyboard To use the touchpad you simply move your fingers across the pad to direct the mouse Trackpoint Device a small joystick like nub that enables you to move the cursor with the tip of your finger Touch Screen a type of monitor or display in a notebook or PDA that accepts input from users touching the screen Output Device a device that sends processed data and information out of a computer in the form or text pictures sounds or video Monitor display screen a common output device that displays text graphics and video as soft copies copies that can be seen only on screen Printer a common output device that creates tangible or hard copies of text and graphics Liquid Crystal Display LCD the technology used in flat panel computer monitors Flat Panel Monitor a type of monitor that is lighter and more energy efficient than a CRT monitor often used with portable computers Legacy Technology comprises computing devices software or peripherals that use techniques parts and methods from an earlier time that are no longer popular Pixel a single point that creates the images on a computer monitor They are illuminated by an electron beam that passes rapidly back and forth across the back of the screen so that the pixels appear to glow continuously Aspect Ratio the width to height proportion of a monitor Resolution the clearness of sharpness of an image which is controlled by the number of pixels displayed on screen Contrast Ratio a measure of the difference in light intensity between the brightest white and the darkest black colors that a monitor can produce Viewing Angle
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