CGS 2060 – MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE + DEFINITIONSo Chapter Topicso More than just a jobo Technology on the world stageo Technology and our societyo Technology and your lifeo More than just a jobo Technology is a means for career advancemento Provides necessary skillset for survival in societyo A tool that allows individual to make impact beyond his or her own lifeo Technology and the world stageo Technology empowers us with tools to impact the world Political and global issues• Social networking fueled social unrest Human rights• Witness project stops human right abuserso The digital divideo Great gap between levels of Internet access in different regions of the worldo Technology and our societyo Technology is allowing us to redefine fundamental parts of our social makeup How we think How we connect with others How we purchase and consume productso These areas of our society are shifting rapidly because of technologyo How we thinko What we think about Web 2.0 allows international collaboration Civic-minded projects appear online Autonomy, mastery, and purposeo How we think of each other Marketing has relied on exploiting stereotypes Rise of social media has changed this People form into groups based on interestso How we consumeo Technology is changing all aspects of how we purchase and consume goods Marketing strategies count on many people having cell phones QR (quick response) codes link to online information Idea of ownership is evolving and allowing us to change our relationship to objectso Technology and your lifeo Understand technology can lead to greater productivityo Boost your productivity by becoming computer literateo Being computer literate means: Understanding capabilites and limitations of computers Knowing how to use computers efficientlyo Be a savvy computer user Avoid hackers and viruses Protect your privacy Understand the real risk Use the internet and web wisely Avoid online annoyanceo Prepare for your careero Computer careers are on the rise Computers are used in wide range of careers including• Retail• Arts• Law enforcement• Military• Agricultureo Retail: Working in a data mine Businesses use data mining to search huge amounts of data hoping to find a pattern Data mining opens the door to more detail Allows retailer to respond to consumer buying patternso Chapter Topicso Understanding your computero Input and output deviceso Processing and memory on the motherboardo Storing data and informationo Connecting peripherals to the computero Power controlso Setting it all upo Understanding your computero Computer is a data processing deviceo Performs four major functions: Input: gathers data, allows users to input data Process: Manipulates, calculates or organizes data into information Output: Displays data and information for user Storage: Saves data and information for later useo Data vs. Informationo Data: Representation of a fact, figure, or ideao Information: Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashiono Bits and Byteso The language of computers Bit• Binary Digit• 0 or 1 Byte• 8 bitso Each letter, number, or character is a unique combination of 8 bits of 0s and 1so Name Abbreviation Number of Byteso Byte B 1 byteo Kilobyte KB 1024 bytes (2^10)o Megabyte MB 1048576 (2^20 bytes)o Gigabyte GB 1,073741824 bytes (2^30)o Processing Bits and Byteso Computer uses combination of hardware and software to process data into information Hardware is any part of the computer you can physically touch Software is set of computer programs• Application software• System softwareo Operating system (OS)o Types of Computerso Two basic designs of computers Portable• Notebook computers• Netbooks• Tablet PCs Stationary…o Other types of computerso Mainframe Supports hundreds of users simultaneouslyo Supercomputer Performs complex calculations extremely rapidlyo Embedded Self-contained computer devices performing dedicated functionso Input deviceso Devices used to enter data and instructions into the computero Most common input devices Keyboards to enter typed data and commands Mouse to enter responses and commandso Other input devices Microphone to input sounds Scanner to input nondigital text Digital camera to input digital images Stylus to tap commands or draw on screeno Keyboardso QWERTY layout is standard on most PCso Dvorak keyboard puts most commonly used letters on “home keys”o Notebook keys have alternate functions when used in conjunction with the Fn (function) keyo Wireless keyboards work via radio frequencieso Miceo Optical Mouse Internal sensor or laser detects movement Moves pointer on the screeno Wireless mouse Optical and trackball Data sent by radio frequency or Bluetooth technologyo New Mouse featureso Magnifiero Customizable buttonso Input devices for gameso Game controllers send data…o Touch screenso Display screen that response to commands by touch with finger or styluso Becoming popular on many computing devices Smartphones Tablet PCs All in one desktop PCso Input devices for the physically challengedo Visual impairments Voice recognitiono Output deviceso Enable you to send processed data out of the computer in the form of text, pictures, sounds or video Monitors printers Speakers and earphoneso Monitor typeso Liquid crystal display (LCD) Flat panel Light and energy efficiento Light emitting diode (LED) More energy efficient than LCD monitors Better color accuracy and thinner panelso Organic light emitting diode (OLED) Use organic compounds that produce lighto How LCD monitors worko Screens are grids made up of millions of tiny dots called pixelso Each pixel is composed of red, blue, and green subpixels, and sometimes yellowo Two or more sheets of material are filled with liquid crystal solutiono Crystals block or let light shine through to cause images to form on the screeno Choosing an LCD monitoro Aspect ratioo Resolutiono Contrast ratioo Viewing angleo Brightnesso Response timeo Size may mattero Bigger the monitor the more you can displayo 27 inch monitor 2560 x 1440 pixelso 21.5 inch monitor 1680x1050 pixelso HD-DVDs and Blu-ray movieso Require 1920 x 1060o Printerso Inkjet printers Spray tiny drops of ink onto pageo Laser printers Use laser beams and static electricity to deliver toner to pageo Nonimpact printers have
View Full Document