Study Guide for Exam 1I. Chapter 1: Why Computers Mater to You, BecomingComputer Literatea. Why Should You Become Computer Literate?i. Computers are everywhere in our society1. Credit cards even interact with computersii. Being computer literate means that you are familiar enough with computers that you understand their capabilities and limitations, and you know how to use them1. Benefits:a. Use computer more wisely and be a knowledgeable consumerb. Computer literate employees are sought after in almost every vocationc. Help you better take advantage of future technologiesb. Becoming a Savy Computer User and Consumeri. Avoid hackers and viruses: these can threaten a computer’s securityii. Protecting your Privacy: identity theft preventioniii. Understanding the real risks: Cookies, Firewallsiv. Using the Internet and the Web Wisely: finding information vs. finding good informationv. Avoiding Online Annoyances: junk email, spamvi. Being Able to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot your computer: diagnose and fix problems, how to integrate new projectsc. Being Prepared for Your Careeri. Information Technology is a field of study focused on managing and processing information and the automatic retrieval of information.1. Includes computers, telecommunications, and software deployment2. The 7 fastest growing careers are all computer relatedd. Computers in Today’s Careersi. Retail: Working in a Data Mine1. Use data mining or the process of searching huge amounts of data with the hope of finding a patterna. Ex: usually study information gathered from register terminals to determine which products are selling on a given day and in a specific locationb. Opens the door to more detail, can use this data to determine that if a certain product is to sell well, sometimes you must cut the price (especially if done at other stores, or recently had a price cut)c. Allows to respond to consumer buying patternsd. Data Mining can keep track of the purchases people are making, where they live, past buying purchases, and things they looked at, but didn’t buy.ii. Business: Data on the Go1. UPS uses a sophisticated data base and a highly efficientpackage tracking system that follows the packages as they move around the worlda. Smart Label at packing, contains customer numbers but also the MaxiCodei. MaxiCode is a specially designed, scannable sticker that resembles an ink blot and contains all the important information about the package.ii. Devices with Bluetooth technology, a type of wireless communication, to transmit the scanned data through radio waves to terminaliii. To track: use delivery acquisition devices that feature wireless networking capability, GPS positioning, infared scanners, and an electronic pad to capturecustomer signatures, then made available to the customers.iii. Art: Ink, Paints, and a Notebook?1. Dancers can be attached to sensors that are connected to a computer that captures the dancer’s movementsa. The computer operator can easily manipulate the dancer, change her costume for instance.b. Photoshop, Illustrator, Corel Painterc. Digital Art that is drawn through computers and cameras that track your movement, making the picture different each time it is viewed.iv. Video Game Design: A long Way from PacMan1. Computer gaming topped $21 billion in revenue in 2008and is expected to go up2. Computer games are best designed for a local market, making it seem better because then it won’t be offshored (sent to other countries) like most other computer programming jobs.v. Education: Teaching and Learning1. Many colleges require students to have their own computers, BlackBoard, Moodle2. Internet has advantages in the classroom, research tool, simulations, instructional software, interactive. 3. Museums have virtual tours on their websitesa. You can download the audio tours to your iPod through wifivi. Law Enforcement: Put down that Mouse You’re Under Arrest1. Computers are in police cars and crime labs and are used to solve an increasing number of crimes2. Facial Reconstruction programs can turn a skull into a face, helping figure out who the person is3. Use Law enforcement databases to link crimes together and find similarities4. May be able to use wireless networking to look at criminal’s emails and chats5. Computer forensics is a specialty that analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence6. FBI and TSA use computer based training to recognize lies and evasive behavior, studying microexpressions (the brief 1/25th of a second) flashes of emotion, reveal truth behind liesvii. Military Careers1. ASVAB is required to enter, need internet and electronics to study for the exam, libraries with exampleASVAB tests2. Air Force uses unmanned aerial vehicles called UAV’s ordrones to perform surveillance operations and to deliver missiles.viii. Agriculture: High-Tech Down on the Farm1. Must look out for diseases and such in their cows and animalsa. They can be managed and minimized with radio frequency identification tags that are small versions of the roadway electronic toll systems used in many states to collect tolls automatically as drivers pass, these look like little buttons attached to the cows ear and record the cows locations. i. If that cow gets sick, it can track back where that cow was and what other ones ate it too and can prevent problems.ix. Automotive Technology: Sensors and CPU’s1. Pushed towards making more efficient cars, increased the number of censors and central processing units needed in a typical vehicle. Measure air pressure to air temperature, everything in cars is basically controlled by computers2. Digital music systems, airbags, voice-controlled phones, GPS etc.x. Medicine: Technologies of Today and Tomorrow1. BrainGate software translates the movement thoughts in his head into commands to the robotic limbs, receivesdata from his neural activity, identifies the impulses andtranslates them into movements for the robot.2. Patient simulators are life-sized, computer controlled mannequins that can speak, breathe, and blink, have a pulse and a heartbeat and respond just like humans do to procedures, they train on them, and if the patient “dies” they can still try again3. Surgeons use computer-guided robots to perform surgery, smaller incisions on people’s bodies for surgeries.xi. Medicine: The Chip Within1. The realistic goals of this are to provide technological solutions to physical problems and to provide a
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