CGS2060 Mid Term Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Topics What can you use computers for combines hardware and software to accept the input of data process and store the data and produce some useful output When you talk about something digital it references things that can be represented by numbers Bit represents data using 1 s and 0 s Digitization is the process of transforming information into 1 s and 0 s A group of 8 bits is called a byte Things that can be stored on a digital device include numbers characters sounds images movies etc Know what a special purpose computer is A kiosk is a computer station that provides the public with specific and useful information and services Know the general definition of a computer network A telecommunications network that connects two or more computers for data communications Telecommunications are communications that take place electronically over a distance Know that Wi Fi short of wireless fidelity is a popular wireless networking standard Wireless networks use radio signals rather than cables to connect users VOIP Voice over Internet Protocol is a popular technology that allows phones to use internet connections The speed of a human brain has been estimated at 100 trillion operations per second Chapter 1 Outline Summary Computer A digital electronics device that combines hardware and software to accept the input of data process and store the data and produce some useful output Technology refers to tools materials and processes that help solve human problems Digital electronics devices store and process bits electronically General purpose computers can run any number of software applications Data items stored on a digital electronics device numbers characters sounds Special purpose computers are designed primarily for one particular function Information data organized and presented in a manner that provides value to the user documents graphs music photos Microprocessor Sometimes called a chip or just a processor combines microscopic electronic components on a single integrated circuit that processes bits according to software instructions computing platform A computer s type processor and operating system define its Mobile Media Movies television shows and other video clips can be downloaded from the Web or transferred from DVD to the devices and displayed on the 3 8 inch screen Internet is the world s largest public computer network a network of networks that provides a vast array of services The Web is an Internet service that provides convenient access to information through hyperlinks Wireless networks use radio signals rather than cables to connect users Wi fi is a popular wireless standard Computers were invented to compute calculate solutions to mathematical problems Automation involves utilizing computers to control otherwise human actions and activities A Computer based Information System CBIS uses these components to manage and distribute information Information Technology IT can be defined as issues related to the components of a computer based information system Information security refers to the protection of information systems and the information they manage against unauthorized access use manipulation or destruction and against the denial of service to authorized users Chapter 2 Topics Know that data is stored as bits binary Bits are the 1 s and 0 s that allow us to represent store and manipulate data They are the smallest unit of data in a digital electronics device Know basic counting with binary numbers Information can be assigned to the two states of the bit On OR Off Know what an Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU is contains the circuitry to carry out the instructions in the processors instruction set Know that the Front Side Bus consists of electronic pathways between the CUP and RAM The system bus connects the CPU to the chip set and through it to RAM and other components on the motherboard Know that clock speeds are measured today in Gigahertz and Megahertz Know the different storage RAM ROM CMOS and know which one is the largest Secondary storage is used to store data more permanently without the need for electricity Random Access Memory RAM is temporary or volatile memory that stores bytes of data and program instructions for the processor to access ROM Read only memory A class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices Data stored in ROM cannot be modified LARGEST CMOS Complementary metal oxide semiconductor a technology for constructing integrated circuits Know that RAM consists of chips grouped on a board called SIMM Look up the capabilities and properties of Magnetic Tape High capacity Disks Floppy Disks outdated Microdrives Know that Flash Memory is a form of Solid State storage Know that notebook computers integrate the mouse as touch sensitive pad called the touch pad Chapter 2 Outline Summary Bits are the 1 s and 0 s that allow us to represent store and manipulate data They are the smallest unit of data in a digital electronics device A bit can be a capacitor that is electronically charged or not charged A bit can be an area of metal particles on the surface of a disk that are either magnetically charged or not A bit can be a microscopic spot on a highly reflective disk surface that either has a pit burned into it or not Anything that can be expressed through words numbers sounds pictures and even scents can be digitized Digital information is easy to manipulate Digital information is easy to copy and transfer Digital information is long lasting Digital convergence is the trend to merge multiple digital services into one device transistor is an electronics component composed typically of silicon that opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity to store and manipulate bits Integrated Circuit chip combines transistors and capacitors in a tiny module to store and process bits and bytes in today s digital electronic devices Central Processing Unit CPU is a group of integrated circuits that work together to perform the processing in a computer system motherboard is the primary circuit board of a computing device that houses the digital device s circuitry including the microprocessor and memory The microprocessor accesses instructions stored in memory over the system bus Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU contains the circuitry to carry out the instructions in the processors instruction set Control Unit sequentially accesses program instructions decodes them and coordinates the flow of data
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