Hard Rock & Heavy Metal- Derived from psychedelic rock- AKA “hard rock”- Sub-styles include:o Speed metalo Thrasho Death metal/black metalo White metal- Term heavy metal:o 19th century Britain Big guns on warships Person of heavy power or influenceo Not scene until the late 1960s in music Steppenwolf20th Century Rock- Concepts/images of power and intensity- Electrical/mechanical powero Teslao AC/DCo Motörhead- Dangerous/unpleasant animalso Ratto Scorpions- Dangerous/unpleasant peopleo Twisted Sistero Mötley Crüe- Blasphemy, mysticismo BlackSabbatho Judas Priesto Blue Oyster Cult- Death, terror of deatho Anthraxo Poisono Megadetho Slayer- Archaic, gothico Queensrÿche- Archaic spelling (misspelling)o Led Zeppelino Def Leppard*Primarily derived from Psychedelic Rock of the 1960s*Style Characteristics:- Soundo Vocals mixed into overall soundo Loud volumeso Lead guitar orientedo Electronic distortiono Thick-textured sound- Formo Mostly riff-basedo Some dependence on basic forms (strophic, standard, hybrid)- Harmonyo Simple chord progressionso 3-5 chords in basic progressionso Progressions based on guitar practical techniqueo Power chord (root/fifth)o Bass ostinato (riff) is the harmonic basis- Timeo Fast temposo Simple duple/quadruple meterso Strong, hard backbeato Bass ostinato (riff) is also the rhythmic basis- Melodyo Vocals limited in rangeo Guitar solos have wide range- Othero Album-oriented bandso Some lyrics cultivate negative images: Witchcraft Black magic Death Suicide (“occult rock”)o Many lyrics deal with sex, drugs, drinking, partyingExamples:- Steppenwolf; Born to Be Wild (1967)- Black Sabbath; Paranoid (1970)- Deep Purple; Smoke On the Water (1972)Led ZeppelinBackground:- Jimmy Page, lead guitaro Neil Christian and the Crusaders, lead guitar (1962-1963)o London Session guitarist (1963-1966)o Yardbirds, bass (1966)o Yardbirds, lead guitar (1966-1967)o New Yardbirds (1968)o Led Zeppelin (1969-1980)o Influences: Chick Berry James Burton Scotty Moore Muddy Waters Elmore James- John Paul Jones, bass and keyboardso London Studio, producer and musician (1963-1968)o New Yardbirds, bass (1968)o Led Zeppelin (1969-1980)- New Yardbirds add Robert Plant, vocals and John Bonham, drumsStyle Characteristics:- Generally fast tempos- Fast guitar licks- Catchy guitar riffs- Unusually rhythmic patterns- Wailing vocals (Plant)- Use of distortion- Loud volumes- Use of studio in composition process- Melodies often modal, especially Middle Eastern- Lyrics address occult, supernatural, and Celtic legend (after 3rd LP)- Guitar solos (Paigeo Generally fast repeated lickso Often approaches solo with a steady accent to high registerso Strict rhythmso Even note subdivisionWhole Lotta Love (1969)Stairway to Heaven (1971)Metal in the Late 1970s,Early 1980sNew Wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM)- Diamondhead- Motörhead- Judas Priest- Saxon- Iron Maiden- Def LeppardInfluenced by Black Sabbath and Deep PurpleStill somewhat dependent on the BluesExamples:- AC/DC, You Shook Me All Night Long (1980)o Hard driving, steady rock beato Songs based on catchy riffso Lyrics: sex, violence, and drinkingo Formed by Malcom and Angus Young- Van Halen, Eruption (1978)o Long, lyrical melodies (guitar)o Unusual harmonic progressionso Virtuosic guitar soloso “Tapping” (tap technique)o Cadenza: improvised solo section within a tune; no rhythm sectiono Founded by Eddie (guitar) and Alex (drums) Van Haleno Added Michael Anthony (bass) and David Lee Roth (vocals)- Judas Priest, Better By You, Better Than Me (1978)o One of the most influential British bands of the 1970so Dark, heavy textured sound1980s Metal BandsLargely based in Los Angeles:- Mötley Crüe- Slayer- Dokken- Quiet Riot- Metallica- Poison- Guns ‘n’ RosesSeveral Worldwide Groups:- Loudness (Japan)- Europe (Sweden)Style Characteristics:- Abandonment of blues styles and techniques; no slides, bends, etc.- Almost no used of 12-bar blues progression- Melodies (solos) based on diatonic scales, not blues scales- Chord progressions based on guitar technique, move by 1 or 2 frets (half and whole steps) resulting in disjunct or angular progressionso Extremely fast temposo Rapid scale passages (thrashing)o Tapping is commonMetallica, Master of Puppets
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