Funk“Free your mind and your ass will follow.” –G. ClintonSoul to Funk: Sly and the Family Stone- Interracial band; male and female members, actual brothers and sisters- Put strong emphasis on family- Style derived from James Browno Polyrhythmic vampso Hard beat, funky basslineo Minimal chord changeso Sound distortion with electronic deviceso Avoidance of strong backbeato Stress on all 4 beatso Memphis Soul sound in horns (percussive, staccato sound)o Guitar sound and performance associated with Psychedelic rock style/acid rock style - Band broke up around 1973 when Sly became addicted to cocaine- Sly’s first band: The Stoners- Dance to the Music (1968)o Monochord vampFunk:- Term originated with jazz players in the 1950s- Roots in R&B, gospel, and soul- 1970s funk derived directly from James Brown combined with jazz improvisationStyle Characteristics:- Syncopated bass line- Bass provides rhythmic direction- Heavily pronounces backbeat on drums- Gospel-influenced soul singing- Rhythmic instruments often used to create melodies- Melodic instruments often used to create rhythms- No focus on any singer or player- Rhythm guitars, choked style- Live performances: often create a collective improvisation- Studio: “Jam Groove,” collective improvisationEarth, Wind, and Fire- Formed in 1970 by Maurice White- Heavily jazz influenced- Smooth vocals, frequent falsetto- Solid rhythmic accompaniment- Layers of polyrhythmic accompaniment- Countermelodies between bass and lead guitar- Horns used in a variety of ways: percussive rhythms, like James Brown, or improvised melodies- Strongly influence by jazz, soft soul, and African folk rhythms- Shining StarGeorge Clinton and the ParliamentsFunkadelic- Originally a doo wop group from Detroit (late 1950s, The Parliaments)- Recorded unsuccessfully with ABC Records and Motown records- 1968- reorganized to include a mixture ofo Jazz improvisationo Soul polyrhythmso Psychedelic rock distortion and guitar virtuosity via Jimi Hendrixo Funkadelic= funk and psychedelic- Important band memberso George Clinton- vocals, productiono William “Bootsy” Collins- basso Bernie Worrell- keyboardso Eddie “Maggot Brain” Hazel- guitarGive Up the
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