PSYC 1101 PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Defining the Boundaries of Normality Three Key Elements for symptoms to qualify as a potential mental disorder o Symptoms involve disturbances in behavior thoughts or emotions o Symptoms associates with significant personal distress of impairment o Symptoms stem from an internal dysfunction Biological physical or both As many as 450 million people suffer from some form of psychological disorder World Health Organization Estimates that 46 4 of the US population will suffer from some mental disorder in their lifetime with an average of onset at 14 years old Mental illness affects o 1 cause of disability ages 15 44 o Suicide 4 cause of death of individuals under 65 1 in 10 people suffer from mood disorder e g depression 9 5 Classifying Psychological Disorders The American Psychiatric Association rendered a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM to describe psychological disorders o Most recent edition DSM IV TR 2000 describes 400 disorders compared to just 60 in the 1950s o Homosexuality used to be in it but professionals realized it was wrong and took it out Multiaxial Classification Classifying a Psychological Disorder 1 Axis 1 is a clinical syndrome cognitive anxiety mood disorders 16 syndromes present a Anxiety disorders a fear response increased physiological responses active amygdala i Generalized anxiety disorder 1 Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension 2 Free floating anxiety can t really tell why Inability to identify and for that matter avoid the cause of certain feelings 3 Often couples with depression comorbid two disorders at the same time 4 Gender bias 2 3 women 5 5 prevalence rate 6 Low level constant unease ii Panic disorder 1 Opposite of GAD minutes long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror chest pains choking or other frightening sensations 2 Reoccurs through person s life 3 People can think they are getting a heart attack or something else freak out 4 About 6 million Americans 5 Combination of psychotherapy and medication helps 70 80 of people with panic disorder 6 Twice as common in women than men Why are there sex differences in these disorders Maybe women are more likely to get treated Maybe men are more likely to self medicate like drink or do drugs to quell the anxiety iii Obsessive compulsive disorder persistence of unwanted thoughts obsessions and urges to engage in senseless rituals compulsions that cause distress 1 They do not want to be this way 2 Intrusive thoughts about order and cleanliness etc 3 Obsessions repetitive thoughts about things like dirt toxins something bad happen symmetry order etc 4 Compulsions excessive hand washing bathing tooth brushing repeating rituals checking doors locks appliances etc 5 Prevalence 1 2 5 of the population iv Post traumatic stress disorder PTSD 1 Trauma relative Anything from a really small accident to coming home from war 2 Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post traumatic stress disorder 3 Haunting memories or dreams night terrors living in the past Jumpy anxiety can be caused by a certain cue 4 Social withdrawal 5 6 Odds are higher for women 10 than for men 5 a Most people display survivor resilience ability to recover after severe stress Some people have more sensitive emotion processing limbic systems than others 7 A beta blocker drug originally to fix heart rates affects memory Does not totally erase the bad memory but tones it down a Once you bring a memory back it becomes fluid and malleable again and can be reformed restorage can be blocked In the video her symptoms were reduced by 1 3 b c Usually only affects emotional memories vivid v Phobias memories 1 Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior sends person into sheer panic sometimes if they even just think about it 2 Causes people to avoid those things 3 Approximately 19 2 million Americans 4 Typically begins in childhood the median age of onset is 7 years 5 Agoraphobia phobia of open places 6 Acrophobia of heights 7 Claustrophobia of closed spaces 8 Hemophobia of blood 9 Can be from something bad happening when you experienced that once like being attacked by a bear while reading James and the giant peach phobia of peaches 2 Axis 2 is a personality disorder or mental retardation present mental IQ below 70 3 Axis 3 is a general medical condition diabetes hypertension or arthritis etc also present can affect moods or manifest itself in other symptoms 4 Axis 4 are psychosocial or environmental problems school or housing 5 Axis 5 what is the global assessment of the person s functioning 100 problems present best Disorders Depression mood disorder Symptoms must have at least 4 symptoms for 2 weeks along with anhedonia sadness o Significant weight change o Sleep disturbance o Psychomotor retardation or agitation o Lethargy and fatigue o Feelings of worthlessness o Diminished ability to concentrate o Suicide ideation The Depressed Brain o Decreased activity in left prefrontal cortex o Increased activity in right prefrontal cortex Meditation shifts from right to left Treated with SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Bipolar Disorder mood disorder Alternation between depression and mania Never necessarily feel normal always at one extreme Depressive Symptoms o See above Manic Symptoms o Elation o Euphoria o Irritability o Hyperactive Risk taking Gambling Hyper sexuality Running mind o Multiple Ideas Bipolar Brain o PET scans show that brain energy consumption rises and falls with manic and depressive episodes Depressed state little to no brain activity Manic state a lot of brain activity Many authors writers creative people they were bipolar and a lot of the work came from the manic stage they were in Eventually a lot of them committed suicide Very difficult to keep them on medications they take medicine they feel good they think they don t need it anymore and then depression comes back Bipolar Statistics o Identical twins if one has it the other has 80 chance of having it o Fraternal twins if one has it the other has 12 chance o Lifetime risk of 1 3 for both genders 10 have rapid cycling bipolar disorder 4 or more episodes per year Schizophrenia Characteristics Literal translation of split mind referring to a split from reality o Disorganized and delusional thinking Ex I was at a hospital this morning surrounded by movie stars making a movie I m Mary Poppins Is this room painted blue
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