AMH 2010 Notes Fall Semester 2013 After Exam 1 Oct 28 Dec 4 Oct 28 Virginia Why From 1660 1720s there is a change from contract labor to slave labor in 1 Rise in the cost of labor Fewer willing servants mean they become more expensive and approach the price of a slave 2 Socio economic stratification reduced competition in tobacco market Those who can afford to stay in the business can afford slaves 3 Transformation of the slave trade rise of English royal Africa Co 1660 means massive expansion of Anglo Atlantic slave trade For the first time a private British concern is able to transport African slaves to the colonies Total Population Virginia 1710 60 000 25 30 were slaves Mass 1710 60 000 1 2 slaves 1660 1713 23 000 Africans brought to Virginia and Maryland 1660 1713 160 000 Africans went to West Indies From 1500 1800 about 9 2 million slaves brought to the Americas What do slaves get you If you can afford to buy enough they can form families and reproduce Oct 30 From a society with slaves to a slave society slavery becomes the dominant labor system in Virginia Southern North American Colonies export o Rice o Tobacco o NOT cotton English tribes not tribe Virginia and Mass As different as two separate countries What happened to the Native People Did they disappear o English encountered them in 1600s upon arriving St Augustine 1763 59 surviving Timucua o 1763 1765 Timucua relocated by Spanish government to Guanabacoa Cuba o 1765 Virtually no Timucua in NA Is there a United States at this point o NO So what happened to the Timucua o Spanish colony of Florida o St Augustine 1565 o Jamestown 1607 o Mass Bay 1630 Religion Mass Protestant Virginia Protestant Florida Catholic Mass 60 000 Virginia 55 000 Florida 5000 Economy Population NA European Pop 1710 Mass Diverse agricultural and modest mercantile Virginia Plantation agriculture Florida Livestock modest agriculture Settlement Patterns Mass Towns Virginia Tobacco Plantations Florida Catholic missions o Who lives in the missions Spanish friars similar to priests Spanish soldiers Spanish artisans and merchants Local Appalachian Indians Indigenous Floridians had a food surplus Nov 4 Timucua had approx 200 000 people in 1492 Pre Colonial Economies 1 Multiple sources of food agriculture hunting gathering 2 Village life defined by kin 3 Inter tribal trade based on domestic local manufactures 1765 No more Timucua in Florida Timucua goods Pottery arrowheads etc o This was the intro of Spanish trade goods including Metal goods flints buckles knives etc Glass goods mainly for wine and oil Cycles of Dependence Intro of European trade goods o Timucua abandoned traditional arts and become more reliant on European trade Consequences Increasingly dependent on Spanish for security trade etc Is this good for the Timucua NO 1 Epidemics Missions along North Florida s Camino Real a 1659 10 000 Timucua Fall to a measles outbreak 2 War a Concentration of natives around missions much more vulnerable to attack Origins of the military threat to Florida 1663 Founding of the Carolina Colony o Carolina Colony is a slave economy Florida is not a slave Economy Cimarrones decades of fleeing African slaves Nov 6 defense against enemies Spaniards arm their Indian allies as well as run away slaves as a first line of Retaliatory raids Attack missions and Timucua settlements and enslave surviving Timucua for sale in Indian slave trade In many cases the Natives are captured on accident English Assault 1715 War becomes business like Indian Slave Trade o Between 1670 1715 25 000 50 000 South east natives sold between 15 000 30 000 Florida natives sold It is estimated that more natives were sold than Africans were imported in Charleston camp 1717 Spanish authorities report a total of 250 Timucua people in a refugee The Carolina Colony isn t the only slave exporting colony 1763 Treaty of Paris brings French and Indian war to an end St Augustine people were exported to Cuba as well as the rest of the Timucua Is the Timucua Story typical o They were entangled in wars as were other natives However their population decreased from 200 000 down to 50 which is not typical Nov 11 Veterans Day Nov 13 Part 2 The origins of the United States from colonies to a nation 1754 1865 July 4 1776 the Declaration of Independence is signed Written by Thomas Jefferson a Virginian and also helped by Ben Franklin The earliest advocates of Independence were Samuel Adams and John Adams Pennsylvania and others both from Boston and cousins Are Mass and Virginia still considered to be as different as two countries Did the Declaration make a group of colonies into one united nation How many constitutions has the United States had o TWO The Articles of Confederation written in 1777 and ratified in 1781 and the current constitution Two traits of nationhood o Independent o United The states needed to come together for purposes of war 1 Independent did revolution allow colonies to achieve independence a United States is completely surrounded by Spain and England b America was worried England would try to settle the west and eventually move to the East c The revolution did not make the U S truly independent nor did it make the colonies united What is the government called under the articles o Continental Congress Nov 18 After the revolution was the United States truly independent on an International stage o No they were surrounded by countries that wanted to see them fail Was the U S really united What did the new 1789 constitution do o It shifted the balance of power from the states to each entity Does the second constitution unify the U S Delegates from 12 states met in Philly Rhode Island boycotted What is the single most difficult question the framers of the constitution o Proper representation they needed a house to represent the people faced Population o Virginia More than 700 000 which is 20 of the U S o Mass 380 000 States with more people get more representatives House of Reps The South wanted slaves to count toward representatives The North disagreed with this so the 3 5th compromise came about one slave counts as 3 5 of a person As of 1808 Congress could ban the importation of slaves Nov 20th Why is Washington D C between MD and VA o In 1790 Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton seeks to bolster o Southerners would only agree to new policy if the capital was moved American Fiscal Health to the South President Washington hated slavery but owned 316 slaves owned 123 out right So why didn t he do
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