Exam 1 ReviewChapter 1 Questions⁃ How do you define psychology?⁃ What role do science, behavior, and mental processes play in psychology? Write one sentence for each component.⁃ What is the scientific approach, why do psychologists use it?⁃ How does using the empirical method help organize research?⁃ What is positive psychology? Who started it?⁃ Who is Wilhelm Wundt? What is structuralism?⁃ Who is William James? What is functionalism?⁃ Describe the seven approaches to psychology using one sentence for each. ⁃ Briefly describe the areas of specialization in psychology with one sentence each.⁃ How are the mind and body connected?Chapter 2 Questions⁃ What is the scientific method? Describe its 5 steps.⁃ Describe the differences between “how” and “what” in the scientific method.⁃ What is a theory?⁃ Define operationalization and its importance.⁃ What are the variable types?⁃ What does reliability say about a study?⁃ What is meta-analysis? Why is it important?⁃ What is descriptive research and how is it important?⁃ What is correlational research and how is it important?⁃ How do you find causation?⁃ Describe experimental research and its characteristics.⁃ What are the types of validity?⁃ Explain the impact of bias and expectations on the results of a study. How do we limit bias and expectation?⁃ What are the different research methods?⁃ Compare and contrast a population versus a sample.⁃ What are the advantages and disadvantages of various research setting types?⁃ Describe descriptive and inferential statistics. Include any important values or measures.Chapter 3 Questions- What is neuroscience?- What are the main functions of the nervous systems?- What are the pathways of the nervous system?- What are the divisions in the nervous system?- What are the kinds of cells in our nervous system?- Describe the structures of a neuron and their function.- How do neurons transmit information within themselves? To other neurons?- Briefly describe an action potential. - What is synaptic transmission?- What are the key functions and characteristics of: ACh, GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, and oxytocin?- What are neural networks?- Briefly summarize the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. - What is lateralization? How does this affect our brain function?- What are the hemispheres in the brain? How do they interact with each other and the body?- What are the lobes of the cerebral cortex and their roles? Relate this to somatosensory/motor cortices and association areas. - What is our endocrine system? Identify the key structures. - Describe neuroplasticity and briefly summarize the methods we discussed in class.- Describe the relationship between a genotype and a phenotype.Chapter 4 Questions- Compare and contrast sensation versus perception.- What is the difference between bottom up and top-down processing?- Describe the sensory receptors associated with each of the 5 senses.- What is synesthesia?- Briefly describe the different sensory thresholds. - What is the main conclusion of the signal detection theory?- What is the Stroop task? What does this task test?- How do your sensory adaptations affect perception?- What are the main properties of light?- Briefly describe the structure of the retina. - What role do the left and right hemisphere play in our vision?- What are feature detectors?- What benefits does parallel processing give us?- Compare and contrast the two color vision theories we discussed. - What is the primary phrase associated with Gestalt psychology? - Compare and contrast monocular and binocular cues.- Briefly describe the theories of hearing. - Describe the sensation of pain and the pathways/chemicals associated with.- Describe the kinesthetic and vestibular
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