PSYCHOLOGY STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 1 1 SOCIAL SCIENCE IS THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF PEOPLE PSYCHOLOGY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCCESSES 2 KEY PEOPLE JOHN B WATSON IVAN PAVLOV BF SKINNER KEYTERMS Learning conditioning rewards punishment reinforcement stimuli response environment observable behavior 3 KEY PEOPLE SIGMUD FRUAD KEY TERMS Psychosexual stages id ego superego unconscious childhood events conflict instinct 4 KEY PEOPLE JEAN PIAGET KEY TERMS thinking knowing perception intelligence understanding memory decision making judgment 5 KEY PEOPLE CARL ROGERS ABRAHAM MASLOW KEY TERMS self actualization free will subjective experience hierarchy of needs and potential 6 WILHELM WUDNT 7 G STANLEY HALL 8 PSYCHOLOGIST HAS A P H D GRADUATED SCHOOL DOES NOT PRESCRIBE MEDICATION THEORITICAL ORITENATION PSYCHIATRIST HAS A M D MEDICAL SCHOOL PRESCRIBES MEDITCATION BIOLOGICAL ORITENATION 9 SCIENTIFIC METHOD form of critical thinking based on careful collection of evidence accurate description and measurement precise definition controlled observation and repeatable results 1 OBSERVATION 2 HYPOTHESIS 3 TEST THE HYPOTHESIS 4 DRAW A CONCLUSION 5 PUBLISH 10 CASE STUDY SURVEY NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION CORRELATION EXPERIMENT 11 Mean median mode of a given set of numbers a Mean average add all numbers and divide by the total number b Median list numbers in order and find the middle number c Mode the number that appears the most CHAPTER 2 1 NEURON 2 FRONTAL LOBE PARIETAL LOBE TEMPORAL LOBE OCCIPITAL LOBE 3 PITUITARY GLAD MASTER GLAND IT IS THE SMALLEST BUT CONTROLS MANY OTHER GLANDS THYROID GLAND PRODUCES THYROXIN REGULATES THE RATE OF METABOLISM IN THE BODY ADRENAL GLAND PRODUCES ADRENALINE ASSIST IN MAINTAINING BLOOD PRESSURE SECTRETS HORMONES 4 2 main parts Somatic controls the sensory organs and voluntary movement of skeletal muscles Autonomic controls the glands and muscles of internal organs Sympathetic nervous system fighting increases heart rate slows digestion raises blood sugar dilates arteries increases sweating Parasympathetic nervous system calm conserves energy decreases heart rate lowers blood sugar constricts arteries and decreases sweating CHAPTER 3 1 NATURE IS WHAT WE ARE BORN WITH NURTURE ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE 2 CHROMOSOMES 23 CHROMOSOMES IN A SEX CELL AND 46 CHROMOSOMES IN A HUMAN XX FEMALE XY MALE ONLY MALES CAN GIVE X OR Y 3 ZYGOTE ONCE THE SPERM AND EGG FUSE EMBRYO AFTER TWO WEEKS OF BEING A ZYGOTE FETUS AFTER NINE WEEKS OF BEING AN EMBRYO 4 TERATOGENS HARMFUL AGENTS THAT INFLUENCE THE FETUS CIGARETTES ALCOHOL HARD DRUGS CRACK CHAPTER 5 1 STAGE 1 10 MIN THETA WAVES LIGHT SLEEP SEE IMAGES OR FEEL THINGS LIKE HILLUCINATIONS STAGE 2 20 MIN SLEEP SPINDLES WHERE SLEEP OCCURS BUT EASLY AWAKENED STAGE 3 FEW MIN DELTA EVEN DEEPER SLEEP RELAXED STAGE 4 30 MIN DELTA DEEPER SLEEP HARD TO WAKE UP WHERE SLEEP TALKING OCCURS 2 INSOMNIA DIFFICULTY GETTING TO OR STAYING ASLEEP SLEEP APENA WHEN PEOPLE STOP BREATHING WHILE SLEEP FOR 20 SECS TO 2 MIN NARCOLEPSY PERIODIC OVERWHELMING SLEEPINESS NIGHT TERRORS OCCURES IN STAGE 4 PERSON SITS UP WALKS AROUND TALKS IN THEIR SLEEP 3 BE ABLE TO MATCH DRUGS DISSCUSED IN CLASS WITH THEIR CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER 6 1 1 Know about the process of Classical Conditioning a Before Conditioning UCR UCR CS Nothing b During Conditioning UCR CS UCR c After Conditioning CS CR 2 SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY reappearance of a weakened CR salivation after a rest pause when CS bell is sounded again EXTINCTION when CS bell no longer signals impending UCS bell 3 CLASSICAL IVAN PAVLOV OPERANT BF SKINNER CHAPTER 7 1 STAGES OF MEMORY SENSORY HOLDS AN EXACT COPY OF WHAT YOU SENSE FOR A FEW SECONDS ICONIC INFORAMTION YOU SEE REMEMBER I EYE SEE ECHOIC INFORMATINO YOU HEAR REMEMBER YOU HEAR AN ECO SHORT TERM WORKING MEMORY WHERE INFORMATION MUST BE KEPT ACTIVE OR SENT TO LONG TERM STORAGE INFORMATION IS HELD IN SHORT TERM MEMORY BY A PROCESS OF MAINTENANCE REHERSAL INFORMATION IS STORED FOR 30 SECS OR LESS LONG TERM MEMORY STORAGE OF VAST AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION FOR A LONG TIME TWO TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY EXPLICIT MEMORY DECLARATIVE IMPLICIT MEMORY NON DECLARATIVE EXPLICIT MEMORY EPISODIC MEMORY SEMANTIC MEMORY IMPLICIT MEMORY PROCEDURAL MEMORY ELABORATE REHERSAL IS USED TO STORE OR ENCODE LONG TERM MEMORY LONG TERM MEMORY CAN LAST A LIFETIME 2 AMNESIA SEVERE MEMORY LOSS RETROGRADE AMNESIA THE INABILITY TO REMEMBER PAST EPISODIC INFORMATION ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA THE INABILITY TO FORM NEW MEMORIES 3 METHODS OF RETRIEVAL GOING BACK INTO LONG TERM MEMORY FOR INFORMATION RECALL NO HELP EX ESSAY CUED RECALL HELP EX FILL IN THE BLANK RECOGNITION EX MULTIPLE CHOICE CHAPTER 9 1 MENTAL AGE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE X 100 IQ 2 COMPARISON OF PEOPLE IN SIMULAR AGE GEROUPS 3 DOWN SYNDROME TRISOMY 21 ONE IS BORN WITH AN EXTRA 21 ST CHROMOSOME AND IS GENETIC 1 OUT OF 800 FRAGILE X SYNDROME THE REPEAT OF A SPECIFIC GENETIC CODE ON THE X CHROMOSOME AND IS HEREDITARY 1 OUT OF 3800 4 LEWIS TERMAN 6 Language Logic Math Visual Spatial Music Bodily kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Naturalist CHAPTER 12 4 MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS SELF ACTUALIZATION ESTEEM LOVE BELONGING SAFETYPHYSIOLOGICAL 5 WOMB ENVY BELIEF THAT MEN ENVEY WOMEN S ABILITY TO BEAR CHILDREN REPRODUCE CHAPTER 14 1 HILLUCINATIONS SENSORY FEEL HEAR SMELL TASTE DELUSION FALSE BELIEFS 2 ANTISOCIAL LACK OF REMORSE FALIURE TO CONFORM TO SOCIAL NORMS RECKLESS DISREGARD TO SAFETY HISTORIONIC UNCOMFORTABLE NOT BEING THE CENTER OF ATTENTION SEDUCTIVE OR SELFDRAMATIZED SHALLOW BOARDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER UNSTABLE SELF IMAGE RECCURENT SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR INTENSE AND UNSTABLE EMOTIONS 3 EATING DISORDER ANOREXIA RESTRICTING FOOD INTAKE BULIMIA BINGE EATING ANXIETY DISORDER EXCESSIVE DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING ANXIETY WORRYING ABOUT EVERYTHING PANIC DISORDER UNEXPECTED PANIC ATTACKS SWEATY CHEST PAINS TERMBLING CHAPTER 15 1 ACTIVE LISTENING REFLECT THOUGHTS AND FEELINGS SIENCE QUESTIONS CLARIFY THE PROBLEM FOCUS ON FEELING ADVOID GIVING ADVICE ACCEPT THE PERSON S FRAME OF REFERENCE MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY 2 Psychodynamic Freud childhood instinct repression conflict defense mechanisms psychosexual stages id ego superego conscious preconscious unconscious 3 Behaviorism Watson Pavlov Skinner classical conditioning operant conditioning environment learning 4 Humanistic Maslow Rogers free will self actualization unconditional positive regard subjective experience potentials CHAPTER 16 1 ACTIONS EMTION BELIEFS ATTITUDES 2 MERE PRESENCE WHERE JUST
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