HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I Herbs A Food and Drug Administration 1 Kessler 2 Nader B Seven Efficient and Safe Herbs Outline of Current Lecture I Herbs continued A Unsafe Substances II Food Safety A Food Poisoning B Food Additives C Alcohol D Hypertension Current Lecture I II Herbs continued A Unsafe substances 1 Ma Huang a Active ingredient ephedra or ephedrine if created in a lab b Stimulant c Most commonly used for weight loss as an appetite suppressant d Combined with St John s Wort to form herbal fen phen e Can cause death so it was banned then lifted then banned repeatedly i Herbal industry sued the government over the ban and won on the grounds that those who died had other complications that contributed to heart failure Food Safety A Food Poisoning 1 Micro organism contamination 2 Widespread infection now possible through nationalized corporations and more prevalent dining out compared to home preparation 3 Types of contamination a Salmonellosis bacteria These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i ii iii iv Consumed live grows in gut produces toxins Causes diarrhea and vomiting but rarely fatal Poultry commonly contaminated Eggs also contaminated particularly common along US coastlines b E coli bacteria intoxication i Some strains are deadly because of particular toxin production which attacks organs ii Lives in the gut of cattle so it is associated with ground beef iii It involves a surface contamination so steaks are not affected internally but the process of making ground beef heightens risk of contraction throughout the meat c Botulism anaerobic bacteria which does not require air i Grows in canned goods and raw honey ii Produces a deadly toxin but uncommon contraction Botox is botulinium toxin used in cosmetic treatments d Trichinosis parasite i Spore eggs live in dirt eaten by pigs within which the spores hatch and enter muscle of pigs producing more spores ii People consume the spores when they eat pig meat 4 Controlling contamination a Double bag meats at the grocery store and keep separated from other foods during purchasing and preparation b Freezing does not kill bacteria c Hot soapy water does not kill bacteria but it does effectively loosen bacteria from surfaces and clean items that have contacted raw meats d Chlorine kills bacteria explaining the three compartment sink e Cook meat fully because heat kills bacteria also B Food Additives 1 Organic foods cannot use pesticides insecticides etc but they can add manure a Organic foods are usually locally grown providing freshness and no GMOs 2 GRAS Generally Recognized as Safe List allows certain substances to bypass regulation testing 3 Delaney Clause all carcinogens banned in regards to food additives but somewhat lifted 4 Nitrites Nitrates carcinogenic additives still allowed a Added to processed meats like deli meats to prevent botulism b Can be converted into nitrosamines which can cause stomach cancer but this can be prevented by consuming vitamin C an antioxidant C Alcohol 1 Recommendations a 1 oz per day equivalent to 1 beer wine or cocktail b Binging is not recommended 2 Leading cause of mental disability is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in which alcohol enters the fetal bloods from mother s consumption and interferes with development a During pregnancy no alcohol recommended 3 To manage hangovers consume alcohol and water equivalently D Hypertension high blood pressure 1 Risk factor for heart disease 2 Increase atherosclerosis 3 Recommend limiting sodium intake 4 DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet a Fruits vegetables whole grains low fat dairy b Benefits exceed beyond controlling hypertension alone addressing heart disease cancer and diabetes prevention as well as weight maintenance