HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. ProteinA. FunctionsB. Amino AcidsC. Amino Acid PoolD. Starvation CaseOutline of Current Lecture I. Exam 1 ReviewII. Protein (continued)Current LectureI. I. Exam 1 ReviewA. Irrelevant to Upcoming ExamB. Useful for Cumulative Final ExamII. Protein (continued)A. Amino Acid Pool1. Starvationa. No specific muscle tissue if prioritized for break down and subsequent protein synthesis, such as skeletal or heartb. Body proteins broken down to maintain glucose, energy, and fat levels as well as protein synthesis2. Overconsumptiona. Calories from protein can be stored as fat if over consumedB. Protein Synthesis1. Genetic traits determined by protein as instructed by DNA2. Within a cell, the nucleus houses DNA3. A strand of DNA will have many genes, and each gene a section of that DNA, which codes for a sequence and instructs the construction of one protein4. The copied gene from within the nucleus forms messenger RNA (mRNA), which moves to the site of protein synthesis outside the nucleus, in the cytoplasm5. Transfer RNA (tRNA) finds the needed amino acids to create proteins and returns to the mRNA with each of the required amino acids from within These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.the cell until all of them are positioned together at the site of protein synthesis to form a functioning protein6. This explains why certain amino acids are essential C. Deamination1. Removal of amine (NH2) group from a protein2. This process occurs in the liver after the molecule has been released fromthe cell and becomes NH3, or ammonia, which is toxic3. The liver converts the NH3 into the nitrogen-containing compound, urea4. Urea enters the blood stream from the liver but is filtered from the blood by the kidneys, added to urine, and excreted from the body5. Amino acids used for fat, glucose, and energy go through this process6. Only amino acids that are used strictly for protein synthesis do otherwiseD. Nitrogen Balance1. Comparison of what enters the body to what leaves2. Protein intake (NIN) = Urea in urine or undigested protein in feces excretion (NOUT)3. Protein is 16% nitrogen4. Humans digest protein well5. Most nitrogen excretion is
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