HES 2823 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Exam 1 ReviewII. Protein (continued)Outline of Current Lecture I. Nitrogen Balance (continued)II. Protein QualityCurrent LectureI. I. Nitrogen Balance (continued)A. NIN = NOUTB. Healthy Adult1. Deamination causes nitrogen excretion in urea through urineC. Positive nitrogen balance1. NIN> NOUT2. Net protein gain3. Period of growth within body4. Examplesa. Children (humans until the age of 19)b. Weight trainers (muscle training/stress)c. Pregnant women (champions of growth) in placenta, fetus, blood volume, breast tissuei. Greater need for calories, vitamins, and minerals than normal (20% more of each)ii. Need of 75% more protein requirediii. Toxemia of pregnancy, or preeclampsia, can develop- Sudden emergence without warning- Blood pressure spikes, triggering spontaneous miscarriage- Life-threatening to mother and child- Due to inadequate protein intake during pregnancy- Difficult to control once it beginsiv. Recovery from starvationD. Negative nitrogen balance1. NOUT> NINThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Net protein loss3. Examplesa. Starvationi. The body continues to break down body proteins to use as an energy source or glucose or ammonia excretionb. Illnessi. Infection causes fever to kill bacteria and body cell alikec. Injuryi. Damaged tissue diesd. Low protein intake (uncommon in US)i. Cannot maintain protein synthesise. Poor quality proteinE. Nitrogen Balance Study1. Measures urea found in urineII. Protein QualityA. Classification of Proteins within Food1. Complete Proteina. Provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acidsb. Must be provided in dietc. Examples: meats, milk, eggs (animal proteins similar to human proteins)2. Incomplete Proteinsa. Do not provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acidsb. Examples: all plants (plant proteins dissimilar to human proteins)i. Exception: gelation (collagen – the most common protein in the body), which is boiled out of animalsii. Ultranine: secret ingredient collagen3. Humans do not have to consume complete proteins to remain alive, such as the case of vegansa. Complementary proteinsi. Two incomplete proteins provide adequate essential aminoacids when combinedii. Combine different plant foods into groups and then mix the groupsiii. Limiting amino acids: essential amino acid in an incomplete protein that is not adequately providediv. Each group shares the same limiting amino acid- Legumes: soy beans, dried beans, lentils (limiting amino acid – methionine)- Grains: wheat, rice, corn (limiting amino acid – lysine)- Nuts and Seeds: peanuts (limiting amino acid – lysine)v. Combining any two foods from legumes and either grains or nuts and seeds displays good example of complementary proteins- Recommended to consume complementary proteins at the same time but not
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